Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein EssayMary Shelley wrote the reinvigorated Frankenstein. The novel is withal known as the modern Prometheus. Mary Shelley, her husband Percy and Lord Byron went to Lake Geneva. Lord Byron challenged the group to a ghost horizontal surface. After that Mary Shelley had a dream which then made her leap writing her ghost story. Her dream was of a boy which made a machine, a man, which interpreted signs of life. Mary then had the basis of her story and went on to complete the novel in 1817 and published it in 1818, in London when she was 18 years old. A nonher occasion which influenced Mary in writing Frankenstein was Jean Jacques Rousseau, a French philosopher, writer and composer in the 18th century. She was deeply motivated by his thoughts and dreams. Her description in Frankenstein closely resembles her documentations of Rousseaus wanderings through come to the fore his days of exile. This belike gave her an idea of reservation the the Tempter alone after her idea of a man made human machine.Also Mary knew that Rousseau abandoned his children to an orphanage which Mary disapproved of, just I think this gave her the idea of Victor abandoning his creation, this also happened to Mary when she was young and it also happened to Rousseau when he was young. They were both dreamers, yet outcasts and both found inspiration in retirement and isolation. The novel Frankenstein is also called the modern Prometheus. The reason why the novels subtitle is called the modern Prometheus is because in Greek mythology, Prometheus was the titan who take fire from god and gave it to man.Victor steal the secret of creation of life from god in a way because he created a universe in the likeness of a man. He stole this fire or power and bought it to man just like Prometheus did. Mary Shelley evokes a superstar of horror when Victor Frankenstein says in (chapter 5) It was on a obscure night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. This was when Victor creates life, a being in the likeness of a man.Dreary could be dull, gloomy and evil. She included the month of November to show that it is near the end of the year and it creates a dark setting. November is also a cold, dreary month. It is in the beginning December (the last month of the year) so it could mean sooner death. Beheld is carrying out or something which you ware already carried out. It can create a sense of dread because the thing being carried out could be an evil thing which was carried out. The word accomplishment can be victory, creation or operation. It could be victory or achievement of the creation of something evil which creates the dread. In this case it was the achievement of creating life. Toils is the hard work and hard work is work which is done over a longsighted time.So if it is work done over a long period of time, than it gives you the feeling that something wicked is being created behind all the hard work. The second link is that Prome theus was the one who made humans, just like Victor did from scratch. This had crowd in common with the classic Prometheus the dream and the creation of a new species the disregard of limits. I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature consecrate it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs. The point where the new being had started its life also creates a sense of fear.Dull is gloomy, dreary, evil and deadly. lily-livered is a colour most comm wholly utilize in dangerous and dreadful creatures for the eye and body so it makes the monster look bloodcurdling. The words candid and breathed hard give the feeling of something is going to happen, a feeling of tension and suspense because it is the first breath of a nonher human created and we do not know what is going to happen. Convulsive is the jerky muscular contractions resembling a spasm. It can also be the sudden violent movement of rage. It gives us a sense of terror because of the sudden violent movement you d o not know what the monster will do because he is a new creation.Agitated is demented or trouble. His limbs were troubled and agitated. You can also see it as being in a state of anxiety and not being calm, vigorously quivering back and forth and being restless. It can mean that the monster was impatient and keen to do something. Shelley creates this sense of horror in chapter 5 by making us feel that the monster is an evil person by describing him dull and yellow. Also it creates horror because the monster has sudden violent movements as concisely as he is born(p) and is vigorously shaking because of his distressed state. There are 10 elements of a gothic novel.These are set in castle, which lots contains secret passages and hidden move. Some of Frankenstein is set in darkness and horror for example when before Victor created the monster he spent nights in churchyards and funereal houses collecting remains of dead bodies in places of dark and ghostly atmosphere. Here Shelley creates the horror. As I dabbled among the unhallowed damps of the grave Dabbled can be when you dip your hand or foot into a liquid. and it can also be when person plays around with their work and experiment things. Unhallowed is the turnaround of hollow, so it is something which is not acquit inside.It can also be seen as someone treating something with disrespect or violating the sacredness of something, to remove something from the grave. Damp is something which has moisture, a slight wetness on an object. This is related to the gothic element of a setting in darkness or castle. So here, Victor is playing around with the bodies, trying to get a perfect body for his creation when he is dabbling. You can tell it is a body he wants because unhallowed is when it is not empty, and the graves are not empty because they go through dead bodies which could be slight wet because they are in the ground.He is raising a body from a grave in a dark graveyard to create a new life. This i s how Shelley creates the dread in this gothic element in chapter 4. An atmosphere of mystery and suspense, were fear is often enhance by the unknown. The terrible, gloomy weather creates suspense and are also metaphors for sorrow and distress. Some gothic novels also contain ancient prophecies which could be obscure, profound or confusing. It could be omens, portents, masss or disturbing dreams like when Victor had a horrifying dream foreshadowing Elizabeths death.He was dreaming of Elizabeth who was healthy, still it turned out to be his mum corpse who he was kissing. Shelley creates the sense of horror here when Victor tells of his dream after he created his creation. I slept indeed, solely I was stressed by the wildest dreams. I thought I saw Elizabeth, in the rosiness of health, walking in the s directts of Ingolstadt. Delighted and surprised, I embraced her, but as briefly as I imprinted the first kiss on her lips, they became livid with the hue of death her features appe ared to change, and I thoughtI held the corpse of my dead mother in my arms, a shroud enveloped her form, and I saw the grave-worms crawling in the folds of the flannel. This was the horrifying dream which Victor had in chapter 5. He thought he saw Elizabeth in the bloom of health. A bloom can be a blossom or a flower or a seed starting to grow into a bud or flower. The dream starts off in a cheerful manner, but the fear starts to occur after he embraces her. Embrace is when you meet someone, cast off their hands, hug them or kiss them.But when he went to imprint the kiss on her lips the delightfulness was blown away. Imprinted is when you stick, print, dent, mark or impress something or someone. Here it is utilise as printing a kiss on her lips. Livid is something becoming discoloured, purple, bruised, enraged or odd. Hue is colour, a shade or tinge of colour. The lips became discoloured and unusual they had the shade and colour of death on them. Shelley starts to create the se nse of horror here. Features are the characteristics of something. It is something which makes up an object or thing. Elizabeths features are the limbs and all parts of her body like the nose and eyes.They all started to change. Corpse is a dead body. Shroud is a covering, blanket, veil or cl oak tree tree. Enveloped is when something encloses on an object or when something surrounds it, an assail force. Flannel is a soft light piece of woollen fabric. I think Shelley used this dream to show that Victor regretted making his creation. As in brief as he made it, he abandoned it. The dream was probably trying to tell Victor that he had done something very(prenominal) awful. Also, as soon as the dream had finished and he woke up, the monster was standing over him.The corpse in his dream could be the monster and it could be a vision telling him that your creation will do the same to you he will be pleasant to you at first like the bloom of health but then turn horrific like the corpse and hate you if you turn away from him. It can also mean that Victor is Elizabeth, a recognisely, determined man, but after creating the monster he turned heart-less and deadly like the corpse and it comes to hunt him. Supernatural inexplicable events, dramatic, amazing events occur. In Frankenstein, the monster is the supernatural being when he is created.High emotion, characters are often overcome by anger, sorrow, surprise and most often, terror like in Frankenstein the monster is very heart-broken as he finds out no one loves him, even though he loves many humans, so he becomes angry, distraught and lonely. Some gothic novels also get hold of women in distress, threatened by a powerful, tyrannical male. They also have metonymy of gloom and horrors e. g. wind, rain, moans and howls. Terrible weather used by Mary Shelley for dread and horror in Frankenstein is an example of this.It was already one in the morning the rain pattered di depressedy against the panes, and my candle w as nearly burnt out. This was at the beginning of chapter 5 when Victor finishes creating his creation. Shelley used dreadful weather (a gothic element) and the completion of Victors creation at the same time to create the sense of horror. The monster opened his eyes just after the heavy rain started to beating against the panes. Pattered dismally is when the rain patters on your window in a dreadful and cheerless manner. My candle was nearly burnt out.It tells you how dreadful the weather was. The candle was intimately burnt out inside a room, and as soon as the candle was almost burnt out, the monster opened his eyes. Shelley used this in an obvious way to create tension and that dread of the horrendous weather and light being gone out from the room combined with the yellow eyes of the monster opening. The monster in Frankenstein is symbolic of many things. Misogyny is one of them. Victor odd Elizabeth for his use of learning new ideas and to feed his craving for knowledge a nd learning. We sat late. We could not tear ourselves away from each other, nor persuade ourselves to say the word farewell It was utter and we retired under the pretence of seeking repose, each fancying that the other was deceived. It is symbolic of Frankenstein (the monster) because the monster stopped the doctor from being with Elizabeth. It may be a symbol of information because it is repeatedly shown in the novel as an alternative way of understanding the world to that offered by religion. The monster is a warning against scientific progress.The creature represents this in both its power and its deformities (both physical and moral). The warning against scientific progress is shown when Victor creates a new being and all the casualties which occur after for going pressurize in science, like the death of Victors brother and Elizabeth, and the loneliness, isolation and being neglected causes the creature rage and sorrow, which after causes him to become evil. It may be symbo lic of the boot child relationship. The monster grows up unloved, nameless and untutored-it is a moral lesson to parents about their obligations to their children.Shellys tragedy is similar. She lost her mother 10 days after she was born and grew up alone most of the time, so she could be making the monster symbolic of her. It symbolises destructive nature of dangerous ambition in psychological tale. It also considers the question of whether man is born evil or made evil by society, as we see in Frankenstein, the monster is born loving and caring, but the rejection of Victor and other humans made him loose his love and was made evil by society. Shelley uses the monster to symbolise those who have lost their freedom. His purpose is political.Frankenstein contains romanticisticism. The romantic period had an influence on Mary Shelley. This novel contains many elements of romance, but there are three main ones. These are powerful love, unreturned love and precariousness of reciproca tion. The monster had powerful love when he was born, he was not born evil. He loved Victor very much and begged him for the redeeming power of love. But Victor disliked the monster and abandoned him and his duty to look after his creation.This was unreturned love, the second element, where the monster loved Victor, but he did not give the love back. He held up the curtain of the get laid and his eyes, if eyes they may be called, were fixed on me. His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a smiling wrinkled his cheeks. He might have spoken, but I did not hear one hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me, but I escaped, and rush along downstairs. Inarticulate is someone who is speechless, who is not speaking clearly, and hesitating and mumbling. grin is a smile, smirk or a pleasant beam. Detain is to cave in someone, savvy or capture someone. You can see this as a non-evil side and an evil side.The negative way you can see this is the monster opening the bed curtain and fixing his eyes on Victor, as if he was going to do something to him. This is where Shelley starts to create the fear. His mouth opened to say something, he may have wanted to curse Victor or say something unpleasant towards him for creating him and then running away from him. His hand was probably stretched out to capture Victor and hold him a prisoner, before Victor runs away. I think that this is unreturned love. This is where the monster wanted to be loved, and he loved Victor.I see this as a non-evil side. The monster opened the bed curtains to wake up Victor from his horrific dream which the monster could see because of Victors convulsive limbs, he wanted to sponsor Victor. His eyes were fixed on Victor because it was the first time he ever saw him properly and wanted to be loved by him. When he opened his mouth to say something, he probably wanted to say some compassionate words and then when he stretched his hands out, he probably wanted to hold Victor and hug him for creating him for giving him life again.But Victor probably thought he was trying to attack him so he escaped, but I think that the monster wanted love which was not returned to him. An example of the third element is when the monster watched and studied a family of cottagers, he felt as if he was part of their family without even meeting them. Even after the cottagers rejection, he still had hope that they would accept him. This shows the uncertainty of reciprocation, where someone is uncertain if something is going to be returned. In Frankenstein, the monster is the example of this, he is unsure if he is ever going to be loved.The Enlightenment was a very optimistic, yet realistic, era in history. It found people rallying for major changes to take place. The attitude of the Enlightenment was to question everything and think deeply about its meaning, repugn the importance and validity of tradition. In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, Shelley portrays ideas about progres s, optimism, liberty, fate, happiness, nature, and the physical world in a manner that supports Enlightenment attitudes. The enlightenment age boost everyone to use reason and science in order to dislodge the world of barbarism and superstition.In Frankenstein, Shelley argues that Frankensteins role as an enlightenment hero, not only pulled him out of nature, but made him a slave to his creation, and that Frankensteins role as a revolting romantic failed, because he did not take province for his creation and mankind must find a balance between the enlightenment and romantic ideologies. When Victor takes a moment to ponder upon a story from his youth, we get a glimpse at the Enlightenment view of fate. Victor recalls a time when he was fifteen and lightning not just split, but splintered, a tree near his house.A well researched natural philosopher just happened to be with him at the time, and when he explained the scientific concepts that had destroyed the tree, Victor immersed hi mself in the study of math and the sciences related to mathematics. As I stood at the door, on a sudden I beheld a stream of fire issue from an old and beautiful oak which stood about twenty yards issue from our house and so soon as the dazzling light vanished, the oak had disappeared, and nothing remained but a blasted stump. When we visited it the coterminous morning, we found the tree shattered in a singular manner.It was not splintered by the shock, but entirely reduced to thin ribands of wood. I never beheld anything so utterly destroyed. Behold is to see, to hold, to think or be felt. Stream is the smaller part of a river. It is also used for something wavy or floating. Issue is a subject, concern, problem, number or copy. I think in this quote it means rising. The oak is a type of wood and also a tree name. glaring is something shining or glimmering in your eyes, and lighting is the dazzling here.Blasted stump is a blown and horrible base or remain. Shattered is something broken, devastated, lowly or traumatized. A singular manner is a shocking, extraordinary way. Ribands is pieces of material. So in chapter 2 Victor says about how he saw a vagabond of fire rise from an old tree outside his house. The tree had disappeared as soon as the lightning had struck it and all that remained was the base of the tree. When he visited it the next morning, the tree was crushed in an astonishing way. It was reduced to strips of woods and he had never seen anything like this before.The enlightenment encouraged people to use science and reason to rid of false ideas and beliefs. After Victor had seen this, a man of great research of natural philosophy was with him and he explained to Victor about electricity and galvanism (electricity produced by chemical action and in biology, galvanism is the contraction of a muscle that is stimulated by an electric current). Victor had never heard of these theories or ideas before about electricity. This was new to him and in f uture when he made his monster he used electricity from lightning to stimulate the body of movement.There is a small amount of dread and horror which Shelley has created in this quote. Words like vanishing, disappearing, shattered and splintered give you negative feelings of something happening. This can be the story of Victor when he just finished creating the monster. As I stood at the door, on a sudden I beheld a stream of fire issue from an old and beautiful oak which stood about twenty yards issue from our house. This can be Victor standing at the door when his creation is about to be finished and he saw a new body rising from an old body which stood about 20 yards from him.And as soon as the dazzling light vanished, the oak had disappeared, and nothing remained but a blasted stump. When we visited it the next morning, we found the tree shattered in a singular manner. And as soon as the creature was born, Victor disappeared, the tree could be Victor, and nothing remained but th e monster. When Victor visited it the next morning, the monster was traumatized and devastated in a shocking way because he was left alone at his birth. It was not splintered by the shock, but entirely reduced to thin ribands of wood.I never beheld anything so utterly destroyed He was not devastated by being created again, but because Victor abandoned him and Victor could not believe he created a new being. This vision which he saw of the lightning could have been a warning to him not to go ahead with his ideas otherwise there would be danger and consequences. The dream which he had in Chapter 5 after creating the monster, could have been telling him that he is now in danger and he has consequences for creating the monster.

Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet EssayThe Globe Theatre is a big circular field based on the South bank of the Thames in London. Shakespeare held his newest sportsmans at that place before he publicly showed them anywhere else. The positions of where people sat varied from, the richer people sitting high up in the stands, and the poorer people who had to stand in the middle. The Globe Theatre was very basic, costumes and properties were kept backstage in the tiring house. The actors were well dressed and there were 3 roofed gall(a)eries. All performances took place in the afternoon. The stage itself had a trap door to get on and off, it was also a very high stage.In this essay I impart be exploring how Shakespeare uses devices for dramatic affect. In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare refers to where people and other objects are positioned on the stage. An example of this is Romeo but soft what light from yonder window breaks? It is the east and Juliet is the sun. This phrase implies that Shake speare is enquire the audience to imagine its dark and its night time and all they substructure see is a bright light appearing from above. This bright light suggests that she is life giving and beautiful, all eyes are drawn up to her in the theatre.Shakespeare uses positional language, such as, Romeo Thou art as glorious to this night existence over his head. This suggests that Juliet is on a balcony high above the stage and Romeo is below her. Also reinforces dark night-time reference with Juliet as shining sun. Shakespeare uses many metaphors in the play as it lets the characters show how they feel about each other. For example, Romeo Juliet is the sun. He says this as the sun brings happiness and joy to everyone. He is also acknowledging that Juliet and her family are wealthier and pretend higher(prenominal) social standing than Romeos.He continues to use them later in Act 2 Scene 2. An example of this is, Romeo O, speak again bright angel. This is because Romeo knows l istening to the lumbering of her voice, he does not want her to stop speaking as he is totally focused on her. In Act 2 Scene 2 of Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare uses words with powerful connotations, as Romeo says, Deny thy father and refuse thy name, or if thou will not, be but sworn my spot, and Ill no longitudinal be a Capulet. This suggests that their families may not agree that theyre in love and that even if their families may not get on with each other, they are unfeignedly in love.Romeo realises the consequences of his love for Juliet as he chooses forceful words such as deny and refuse. Shakespeare also uses visual imagery, such as, Romeo two of the fairest stars in all of heaven do entreat her eyes to twinkle in their spheres till they return. This quotation shows that Romeo is comparing Juliets eyes to the stars and is saying how her eyes are beautiful. Having the Globe theatre as the stage would draw the attention of the audience towards the twinkling sky. He contin ues to use visual imagery, for example, Romeo As that vast shore washed with the farthest sea. This creates the sentiment that their love is huge, further than the eye can see. Shakespeare uses personification to show the love that Romeo and Juliet have, an example of this is, By love that first led me to enquire lent him eyes. This shows that love is personified, as Cupid the Roman God of Love. Romeo admits his love to Juliet from the first moment their eyes met. Also, Romeo says With loves light wings did I oerpearch these walls, for stony limits cannot hold love out, and what love can do, that dares love attempt. He uses soft words and alliteration loves light.This phrase implies love gave him strength and that he is willing to do anything for her. In addition he says love enabled him to get to her not only by physical strength but with emotional strength. Finally, Shakespeare uses tragic irony, for instance, Romeo says, Hence forth I never will be Romeo. The audience know he is going to die but he doesnt. He is giving out clues to the audience that he will soon die. He is saying he will not be the ladies man anymore and feels Juliet is the only one for him. He continues to use this as Romeo says, Arise, fair sun, and kill the suspicious moon who is already sick and pale with grief. He is saying that the sun is Juliet and the envious moon is her family. This shows a positive with a negative, and shows love then shows what will happen later, death. To conclude, Shakespeare used many different ways to show how Romeo and Juliet felt about each other he not only used the write word but also used the Globe Theatre as a dimension, especially with the balcony scene. I believe that it would have been very entertaining to have watched one of Shakespeares plays in The Globe Theatre as the actors would have performed right in front of you and around you, you would have felt totally included.

Alternatives for Capitalism in a Globalised Economy

Alternatives for Capitalism in a Globalised EconomyEssential for planetaryized economy socialism or CapitalismIn this globalized economy now it is a big question for us that, what is the perfect economic system socialism or capitalist economy?By globalization we can understand cross boarder market place. There is an international exchange of labor forces, ideas, capitals, knowledge, products, and serve. Now we will focus on capitalism and communism and try to find out that in this globalized economy capitalism or communism, what is crush suited?Is collectivism applicable in globalized economy?Communism is a concept, in that ownership of land, capital and industry cannot be owned or controlled by the individual. How eer, under Communism the control of these things is not by a local community but by the State Government. to a lower place this system the government has total control of everything produced and control what is made, and who will receive the goods and gos produced. Under this system you are not allowed to own your own home, your own car, your own furniture, or even the regimen you eat. The State decides what you can use and where you will work. So, we count on it is an obstacle for global economy. Because if the country determine what will be produced, how will be produced and for whom will be produced, then developed countries whitethorn notbe interested to entrust in that country.At the same time Communism kills the will to work, competition, innovation and creativity, where these are the main characteristics of a worker in this modern globalized economy. Why make out to work? You wont make any more than money. Why spend time innovating new ideas, or being creative, there wont be anything in it for me. As a result they fail to provide goods and services for their citizens. The Soviet Eastern Communist countries of the 20th century were noted for not having much goods and services for their citizens. Yet, the ruling class always had ple nty of everything, and it was usually imported from capitalist countries. While we have rich people in America, we also have a large middle class that live comfortable lives. Even many if not most poor people in America have refrigerators, TVs, and food on the table.Since Communism controls all goods and services, the individual is at the total mercy of the State. You have no rights except those granted by the State. The old Soviet summation was a police state, with total control over its citizens.West Germany was full of cars on the Autobahns. The streets in East Germany were mostly empty, with an occasional person on bicycle, even in the middle of winter. Freedom of travel is restricted in a Communist State because they control who gets what and for how long. If you were lucky enough to get a car in East Germany, it was usually a worthless piece of junk.But, we may face a question that if communism creates hindrance to global economy, then how China runs its global economy as we know it is a communist country? Then our answer will beWhile Chinas government may be officially communist, the Chinese people express widespread support for capitalism. And since 2002, the Chinese have been one of the strongest proponents of capitalism, even more so than Americans and Western Europeans. During break down 30-35 years China has brought enormous changes to its economy. In the late 1970s, the government started opening the economy to foreign investment and privatization. With these changes came sky-high economic growth an average of 10% since 1980. And now about 76% people of China agree that most people are better off in a free market economy.Listverse showed 10 benefits of CapitalismHappinessIf you look at this happiness map published by scholars from the University of Leicester, you can clearly see that the foremost democratic, capitalist countries give care the USA, Canada, New Zealand and the whole of Europe are the happiest in the world. This is because in the se countries, thanks to the free-market, whatever products people want, they can get.ViableAlternativesPerhaps the strongest argument working in opt of democratic capitalism is that there is no alternative politico-economic system which has proved itself to work in our modern age. Almost every attempted implementation of communism has failed (China abandoned total communism long ago and are slowly creeping towards capitalism). America became socialist and imposed many strong measures on corporations to dictate their behavior, the largest companies (Trans-National Corporations) would most likely move their industry elsewhere, and potential entrepreneurs would be scared to invest in capital, irreparably damaging Americas economy. So as you can see, changing the economic system isnt even an option.GrowthCapitalism allows the economy to grow exponentially. It is a basic fact of economics that the more money a firm makes, the more it can invest in production, and the more it invests i n production, the more money it makes. So long as no unfortunate events befall the firm, this growth can, obviously, continue indefinitely. Many see a problem arising with this there are only a finite, or scarce substance of resources on Earth, so this huge growth of production will one day run to a halt.HealthThere is greater awareness than ever of the importance of fitness due to government campaigns. All of these contribute to an extremely fit society, and, in desperation, one can always resort to liposuction or well-nigh other sort of surgery.Social GoodIt might seem at first glance that everyone is selfishly working for their own money, but dig a little deeper and it becomes apparent that every job has a benefit for someone else. Factory workers produce the products that we cant live without hairdressers perform a service that benefits us body and soul and the police work to protect us and make sure we live in a lawful society. Even unpopular and overpaid professions such as city bankers and sportsmen have a positive effect on society, whether it be helping us manage our money, entertainment or something else. compareNo matter where you start in life, everyone has an opportunity to make it big. The basic principle is that the harder you work, the greater your reward.Human NatureBeing the BestFreedom construct on Democracy(Nunno, Jed Rachael, 2014)An authoritarian communist party controls Vietnam. Its true. But its founding ideology appears all but gone from the hearts of Vietnams people. Vietnam, in fact, may rattling be one of the most pro-capitalist countries on Earth. Almost all Vietnamese people 95% of them now support capitalism, according to the Pew Research Center, which polled some 45 nations late last year on economic issues.No other country in the poll cracked 90%. Even in the United States where socialist can be used as an insult only 70% agreed that a free market economy is the best kind of economy. (Winn, 2015)ReferencesNunno, Jed R achael, 2014. Listverse. Online Available at http//listverse.com/2010/12/24/top-10-greatest-benefits-of-capitalism/ Accessed 24 April 2015.Simmons, K., Spring, 2014. Global Attitude Survey, Washington, DC PEW Research Center.Winn, P., 2015. USA TODAY. Online Available at http//www.usatoday.com/ tommyrot/news/world/2015/03/13/vietnam-capitalism-global-post/70261770/ Accessed 24 April 2015.

Homosexuality In Modern Day Society | Religious and Societal Views

Homo informality In Modern Day Society Religious and Societal ViewsHomosexuality is a romantic or sexual attraction or behavior among members of the same sex. It refers to an enduring patterns of or disposition to experience sexual, contaction, or romantic attractions primarily to people of the same sex. It is an individuals smell out of individual(prenominal) and social identity based on those attractions, behaviors expressing them, and membership in a community of those who sh atomic number 18 them.Homosexuality nowadays, leads to Same-Sex uniting, according to Oxford English Dictionary it is a truthfully or soci all(prenominal)y write outd marriage between two persons of the same biological sex or social gender. It is in which other country the likes of Netherlands is in favor of Same-Sex Marriage while other country, particularly the Philippines does non agree or even implement the Same-Sex Marriage.Since that the Philippines is the only Catholic country and Christian do minan country in Asia and it is 3rd in the world, we Filipinos live in a family-oriendted family. Hence, we atomic number 18 raised up with different values which include the Moral determine we obtain from the t to each one and only(a)ings of the Bible the sacred book of Christianity.If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them feature committed an nuisance they shall surely be put to death their blood shall be upon them. (Leviticus 2013)There shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite of the sons of Israel. Thou shalt not bring the hire of a whore, or the price of a dog, into the house of the passkey thy God for around(prenominal) vow for even both these are abominations unto the LORD thy God. (Deuteronomy 2317-18)As course of instructions pass by, there are a lot of incidents which pertains to the Same-Sex Marriage. And as a growing community, authority speaks out and commented on the issue. pope Benedict XVI gave his comment r egarding the issue. He merely opposed to gay/lesbian marriage concerning about the environment, suggesting the law determining the differences between the sexes were threats to creation. Comments were do by the Pope addressing it to the Diplomats with the main theme of The Environment and the protection of Creation, whereasTo carry our reflection further, we must remember that the problem of the environment is complex matchless might par it to a multifaceted prism.Creature differs from one other and can be protected, endangered, in different ways, as we know from daily experience. One such attacks settles from laws or proposals which, in the name of fighting discrimination, strike at the biological basis of the differences between the sexes,Yet, freedom cannot be absolute, since man is not GOD, GODS CREATION. For man, the path to be interpreted cannot be determined by caprice or willfulness, tho must rather correspond to the structure willed by the creator. (qtd in. Gay Marria ge threat to Creation)In lieu with this, Pope Benedict XVI, disagree in Same-Sex Marriage. Our body is sacred and its sacredness leads to the respect of each and every one of us.It is indeed that each and every one of us has our own side on the issue Same-Sex Marriage. all(prenominal) religious group that is existing right now has their own stand regarding the issue.Islamic law explicitly denounces homophile(prenominal)ity and the practice of homosexuality is a crime in many Islamic countries, including Iran and Saudi Arabia.Although the Presbyterian performs g everyplacening body has not explicitly communicate the issue of gay marriage, the church issued a ruling in 1997 prohibiting the ordination of homosexuals. Regional bodies and clergy, however, induce challenged this ruling, causing a major rift among Presbyterians.Although the Episcopal Church has not explicitly established a position in favor of gay marriage, in 2006 the church stated its support of gay and lesbian per sons and opposition to any state or federal constitutional amendment prohibiting gay marriages or civil unions. Furthermore, in 2009, the churchs national convention voted to give bishops the option to bless same-sex unions.While the restore and Reconstructionist Jewish movements are ardent supporters of gay and lesbian rights, including the right of same-sex couples to wed, they do not require rabbis to officiate at the weddings of gay couples. The Conservative movement, which does not vomit gay marriage, grants autonomy to individual rabbis to choose whether or not to recognize same-sex unions. The leadership of Orthodox Judaism has defined marriage as an institution between a man and a woman and therefore does not accept same-sex marriage.The essence of having a happy and healthy life is having a family. Family, in a sense that love and caring is within its family members. Sexual interactions between same sexes are not capable of having a family. Indeed, it is a very factual l ine that each of us agree.Same-Sex Marriage as a matter of fact is not socially accepted here in the Philippines. These may lead to the discrimination of the homosexuals, bisexuals, transgender and others who go away to the third sex.According to House Bill 1245, authored by Rep. Rozzano Rufino Ruffy Biazon, it is the amendment of the countrys Family Code to limit the marriage to natural born males and females only. Regards to this House Bill is the Total Ban of Same-Sex Marriage here in our country.On the other hand, Sen. Miriam Defensor Santiago filed Senate Bill No. 1276 which aims to bar the Same-Sex Marriages celebrated abroad from getting legal recognition here in the Philippines. This Bill seeks to correct the Family Code, which does not explicitly void Same-Sex Marriage which was solemnized abroad. Marriage is a Union founded on the distinction of sex. (qtd. in Bill 1276)As a Senate counterpart of House Bill 1245, Sen. Rodolfo Biazon filed Senate Bill No. 1575. A reaction t o a number of rulings made by local courts which allow every citizen who are transsexuals to change their status from male to female. with recent developments in the field of medicine, it is now possible to allow or to change a persons sex organ to thrust it appear as that of the opposite sex. In this Bill, it prohibits marriage between two men or two women, whom one of it had a sex organ qualify in which the Vatican disagree. (House 1245)These Bills are all pending cases in the House Committee on Youth, Women and Family Relations. In which these Bills were merely discussed, evaluated and argued by the respectable Representatives and Senators of the Republic of the Philippines.Issues are made due to Same-Sex Marriage which leads to the societal problems and misunderstandings. We respect every human being in this world.Due to issues which damage the image of third sexes, many organizations and governing bodies were born, in order to protect the Civil Rights of each Third Sex. Each organization has its goal to end the discrimination and the criminalization towards the Third sexes. Laws protecting the Homosexuals were made and implemented. only there are only states who are merely implementing these laws.Gay Rights Movement, an organization organized in America, which efforts were made in order for the Homosexuals to be treated evenly among others. It aims that each Homosexuals must be respected and must not experience Discrimination from others. (Gay 95)Many non profits, non partisan networks of the third sexes boomed here in the Philippines. These are Organizations and Individuals who are working towards achieving a society free from all forms of Discrimination, particularly those who are based on gender or sexual orientation.Lesbian and Gay legislative Advocacy Network-Philippines was formally launched in 1999. Its purpose is to advance and protect the Human Rights and fundamental freedoms of each Filipino who belongs to the Third Sex, especially in the ar ea of governance and Legislations.Its advocacy is to push for laws that will promote the Third Sex Rights and Welfare. Indeed, campaigns were made to influence publics discourse on Sexuality and to raise the influence awareness of every Filipino regarding the situation of Lesbians and Gays.Another organization here in the Philippines is the LADLAd, a network of Lesbian, Gays, Bisexuals, and transgender Filipinos. An organization formed last September 1, 2003. Magladlad means to unfurl the mantelpiece that utilise to cover ones body as a shield. It simply means that each and every one of us who are experiencing something different relating to gender, must come out of the closet and reveals whats inside and to standout with dignity. And as a result, you will find yourself to be free and respectable.Ladlad run for a Party-list for Congress last elections and they bound to give rise History as the first ever political party which composed of different Filipinos from the Third Sex th at will claim and reclaim the rights that the Third Sexes incapacitated from years of homophobia and Discrimination. They aims to be the organization which will provide comfort to the Third Sex. And a sandigan of the needy homosexuals who are abused, simply because of belonging to the third Sex. Ladlad also aims the following platforms, whereasSupport for the Anti-Discrimination Bill that gives LGBT Filipinos equal opportunities in employment and equal treatment in schools, hospitals, restaurants, hotels, entertainment centers, and government offices.Re-filing of the bill to repeal the Anti-Vagrancy Law that some unscrupulous policemen use to extort bribes from gay men without ID cardsSetting up of micro-finance and livelihood projects for poor and handicapped LGBT FilipinosSetting up of centers for G centenarianen Gays, or old and abandoned LGBTs, as wellspring as young ones driven out of their homes. The centers will also offer legal aid and counseling, as well as information ab out LGBT issues, human immunodeficiency virus-AIDS, and reproductive health. These centers will be set up initially in the key cities/metropolitan areas of the Philippines Baguio, National Capital Region, Cebu and Davao. (Ladlad 101)They differ in names, but they have their same goals and achievements. Campaigning in prohibiting the Discrimination of the Third Sexes.Due to the issues and governing bodies which support Third Sex, effect cannot be vanished from this kind of scenarios. Each event that took place have effects. It may be Positive or Negative effects that can change or affects us, in a carriage that we are concern in whats the real score between the issue- Same-Sex Marriage.According to Dr. Ambert, Same-Sex Marriage has possible positive and negative effect to children. She also stressed that by means of the vivid image that children saw in their Environment, really affects them in a good and bad manner. It is not whether children should be raised by same-sex parents, it is whether same-sex parents should be allowed to embrace , or they ,must simply lived together-perhaps-with children under a status less than marriage, with reduced recognition and support by the state. (Same 97)Children would benefit led by a family be of Same-Sex Marriage.Without question, civil marriage enhances the welfare of the community. It is a social institution of the highest importance. French v. McAnarney, supra. Civil marriage anchors an ordered society by encouraging stable relationships over transient ones. It is central to the way the Commonwealth identifies individuals, provides for the orderly distribution of property, ensures that children and adults are cared for and supported whenever possible from private rather than public funds, and tracks important epidemiological and demographic data..Where a married couple has children, their children are also directly or indirectly, but no less auspiciously, the recipients of the special legal and economic protection s obtained by civil marriage..marital children reap a measure of family stability and economic security based on their parents legally privileged status that is largely inaccessible, or not as readily accessible, to non-marital children. Some of these benefits are social, such as the enhanced approval that still attends the status of being a marital child. Others are material, such as the greater ease of access to family-based State and Federal benefits that attend the presumptions of ones parentage. (qtd. In More on the Hawaii Same-Sex Civil Marriage Case.)Some would argue that when a state allows SSM, the public will gradually become more accepting of homosexual orientation and behavior. They will agree with professional mental health associations and recognize it as a normal, natural, unchosen and unchangeable sexual orientation for a minority of adults. This will reduce levels of discrimination, hatred, and oppression against gays and lesbians, and reduce the levels of ridicule that their children receive from fellow students.Dr. Ambert comments that Lesbigays who have children often create a network of fictive kin or chosen family (friends, former partners, and willing relatives) for social and emotional support as well as to offer their children suitable adult role models of the other sex. This support network may be entirely gay but generally represents a mixture. This arrangement gives children many additional role models in their life, that children in families led by opposite-sex couples may not have. (Same 97)Many religious and social conservatives disagree wholly with professional mental health organizations and believe that homosexuality is abnormal, unnatural, chosen and changeable. Most disapprove of equal rights for gays and lesbians, including the right to marry the individual that they love. Many believe that homosexual behavior is hated by God. If these beliefs are true, then one might argue1. Children raised in families led by same-sex par ents would be continually undefendable to homosexuality. They may choose to become gay or lesbian at a higher rate than those raised by a father and mother.2. workforce and women have very different personalities, brain structure, talents, etc. They are designed to fit into very different roles within the family. In order for children to be decent socialized, they need to be brought up by both a father and a mother. The long range effects on children who are brought up by two women or two men are un cognize and can only be speculated upon.3. God may punish same-sex parents. This might adversely affect the children in their family.4. God may also punish the nation as a whole if SSM is legalized. That would harm all children in the nation.5. Children of same-sex couples will be candid to a great deal of ridicule and hatred by their fellow students. This could negatively affect their development. (Same 99)Issues concerning health has an effect on Same-Sex Marriage.Sexually transmit ted diseases (also known as STDs or STIs for sexually transmitted infections) are infectious diseases that spread from person to person through intimate contact. STDs can affect guys and girls of all ages and backgrounds who are having sex it doesnt matter if theyre rich or poor. ()Unfortunately, STDs have become common among teens and also sex by the same-sex. Because same gender which is having sex is more at risk for getting some STDs, its important to learn what you can do to protect yourself.STDs are more than just an embarrassment. Theyre a serious health problem. If untreated, some STDs can cause permanent damage, such as infertility (the inability to have a baby) and even death (in the case of HIV/AIDS).Some of the things that adjoin a persons chances of getting an STD areSexual occupation at a young age. The younger a person starts having sex, the greater his or her chances of becoming infect with an STD.Lots of sex partners. People who have sexual contact not just I I ntercourse, but any form of intimate activity with many different partners are more at risk than those who stay with the same partner.Unprotected sex. Latex condoms are the only form of birth chasteness that reduce your risk of getting an STD. Spermicides, diaphragms, and other birth control methods may help prevent pregnancy, but they dont protect a person against STDsAIDS is one of the most serious, deadly diseases in Human history. More than 20 years ago, doctors in the United States identified the first cases of AIDS in San Francisco and New York. instantaneously there are an estimated 42 million people living with HIV or AIDS worldwide, and more than 3 million die every year from AIDS-related illnesses.According to Oxford dictionary, AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV destroys a type of defense cell in the body called a CD4 helper lymphocyte (pronounced lim-fuh-site). These lymphocytes are part of the bodys immune system, the defense system that fights infectious diseases. But as HIV destroys these lymphocytes, people with the virus begin to get serious infections that they commonly wouldnt that is, they become immune deficient. The name for this condition is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).As the medical community learns more about how HIV works, theyve been able to develop drugs to inhibit it (meaning they interfere with its growth). These drugs have been successful in slowing the progress of the disease, and people with the disease now live much longer. But there is still no cure for HIV and AIDS.Hundreds of same-sex who are engaged in sex become infected with HIV each year. HIV can be transmitted from an infected person to another person through blood, semen (also known as cum, the fluid released from the penis when a male ejaculates), vaginal fluids, and breast milk.The virus is spread through risky behaviors including unprotected oral, vaginal, or anal sexual intercourse (unprotected means not using a co ndom) sharing needles, such as needles used to inject drugs (including needles used for injecting steroids) and those used for tattooing. (AIDS 25)We have a great part on this issue, as well as it has a big impact to us, not only to us, but also, to the society. As a student, I am disagreeing at Same-Sex Marriage. Its just simply because that my principle for this situation is that god created only men and women nevertheless, third sex is written in the bible. And having sex with the same gender is a big sin. And as for my contribution, I am one of the few people who respect their lifestyle, because we are all created equally in the image and likeness of God. And I do believe that we are all part of a big and happy family.

Strategic analysis of WalMart

Strategic analysis of WalMartThe secret of successful selling is to give your clients what they want. And really, if you consider about it from your point of view as a node, you want everything a wide assortment of good-quality merchandise the lowest possible prices guaranteed satisfaction with what you buy friendly, in unioniseal service convenient hours free parking a pleasant shopping experience. surface-to-air missile Walton (1918-1992)(WAL-MART FOUNDER)Wall mart bought a revolution in the field of retail industry with its tag line low equipment casualty Al counsellings. This is achieved through large scale of operation and bulk buying. Though it has a wafer thin profit margin, it is up to(p) to retain its greet leadership in merchandise.Company HistoryWal-Mart Stores, Inc. is not only the largest retail merchant in the world, it now also ranks as the largest corporation in the world. The retail giant dwarfs its neargonst competition, generating three times the revenues of the worlds number two retailer, Frances Carrefour SA. Domestically, Wal-Mart has more than(prenominal) than 1.2 million workers, devising it the nations largest nong everywherenmental employer. U.S. operations include 1,478 Wal-Mart give notice stores ( turn up in all 50 states) 1,471 Wal-Mart Super magnetic cores, which ar combined discount outlets and grocery stores (and which make Wal-Mart the countrys top food retailer) 538 Sams hostelrys, the number two U.S. store membership club drawstring (trailing Costco Wholesale Corporation) and 64 Wal-Mart Neighborhood Markets, piddlinger food and drug outlets also offering a selection of general merchandise. International operations, which commenced in 1991, include Wal-Mart discount stores in Canada and Puerto Rico Wal-Mart Super reduces in Argentina, Brazil, China, Ger umpteen, Mexico, Puerto Rico, South Korea, and the United Kingdom and Sams Clubs in Brazil, China, Mexico, and Puerto Rico.Wal-Mart Neighborhood MarketWal- Mart Neighborhood Markets are grocery stores that aver eld about 42,000 foursquare feet (3,901.9 m). They offer a variety of products, which include full lines of groceries, pharmaceuticals, health and beauty aids, photo gear uping services, and a limited selection of general merchandise.The first base Neighborhood Market opened in 1998 in Bentonville, Arkansas. As of November 30, 2007, on that point were 128 Neighborhood Markets in the United States.Sams ClubSams Club is a string of warehouse clubs which sell groceries and general merchandise, often in large quantities. Sams Club stores are membership stores and about customers buy annual memberships. However, non-members can make purchases either by buying a atomic number 53-day membership or paying a surcharge based on the price of the purchase. Some positions also sell gasoline. The first Sams Club opened in 1983 in Midwest City, Oklahoma under the name Sams Wholesale Club.Sams has found a niche market in recent long time as a supplier to small credit line organisationes. All Sams Club stores are open early hours exclusively for business members and its slogan, as such, is Were In Business for delicate Business.WAL-MART GOING GLOBALWal-Mart and International ExpansionWal-Mart was entered into transnational markets by a conviction that it could achieve matched advantage abroad by applying its combination of technology, logistics and benevolent resources with its tremendous buying index with multinational consumer goods suppliers. Wal-Marts dodge has been to acquire companies and convert them into the Wal-Mart way stores. atomic number 63an retailers like Carrefour and Ahold, micturate more than 20 eld of international experience than Wal-Mart. Multinational retailers approach is usually by mergers acquisitions, which is what Wal-Mart did in its initial entry into Mexico, with a joint venture with CIFRA, the most powerful retailer in Mexico.Models For Strategic AnalysisENVIORNMENTAL SCANNI NG OFWAL-MARTExternal EnvironmentSocio-culturalThroughout the world there is a large shift in our demographics. There shortly is a larger aging population than ever before, and at the same time the birthrate in developed countries is decreasing, as it is increasing in develop countries. Due to advances in medicine individuals are living longer and longer, as it seems we can beat any disease. Health is becoming more and important to individuals as they exercise and eat fracture everyone wants to stay healthy longer. At the same time in the United States in exceptional the population is getting fatter and fatter, preschool age children are cosmos labeled as obese. Shopping has turned into a favorite pastime for the whole family, and when buying big-ticket items, everyone has a say. Increasingly there are more single-parent households, which does not leave much disposable income. Most two-parent households have both parents working and earning more, living in bigger houses, taking more vacations, and owning more cars. On the other hand we are currently experiencing a great deal of the American public has been downsized, and whitethorn be unemployed, starting a new-fashioned career, or back in school.TechnologicalDue to the current recession the government has been looking for any way possible to save money, and unluckily research and development, non-military that is, was one of the first things to go. However many of the suppliers to retail are forced to continue their RD programs as competition is stiff and their product line inevitably to continually be updated. Technology is growing at an incredibly rapid pace that no one can keep up with it. There have been amazing growths in the areas of health, consumer goods, and food due to technology. As consumers are used to the ever-growing technology they are not as wary of it as in the past, just do not buy the newest thing, as quickly because the item it replaces is less than a year old. Production is becom ing more and more automated which is get-up-and-go individuals out of jobs. The Internet is widely available in the United States, but that is not the case in the rest of the world. Even in parts of Europe many houses do not have com rigers much less access to the Internet. Telecommunications structures continue to be improved upon or even built.Politico-LegalUSA has democratic form of government. In fact it is the one of the worlds oldest democracy of more than 200 years where everyone has a saying in the government. Pressure groups play a vital business office in US democracy, a retail chain giant like Wal-Mart have their representatives in congress and senate. Hence , they keep a keen kernel on all the policies and laws so that it is conducive with the Wal-marts future plans In case of any blockage lobbying is used by them.EconomicUS has capitalist carcass of economy, the mode of production is controlled by private enterprises. The economic conditions are favorable for operat ion of private firms. In fact big retail chains like Wal-mart has revolutionized the US economy Always Low Prices- ALWAYS .With trends of globalization Wal-mart is able to spread its wings in Asia-Pacific region where the economy is liberalized . Globalization, Liberalization and Privatisation gives economic insurance that are is consonance with growth and expansion strategies of Wal-mart.Internal EnvironmentBeing the largest non-government employer and corporation in the world, Wal-Mart is bound to have an interesting internal structure put in place. So what exactly is the method to all the madness? Lets look inside Wal-Marts Internal Environment.Corporate StructureWal-Mart is a public corporation, however the absolute majority of the stock is notwithstanding held by Walton family members. Therefore, there is lots of family involvement at the top level. The headquarters are in Bentonville, Arkansas, along with the control and decision making ability of the organization. There is a very hierarchical structure in place which only fuels the good old boys club for top management. The other unique(p) broker in Wal-Marts corporate structure is a strong culture that is fueled by the Wal-Mart way of doing things, which as far as they are relate is the only way.WAL-MART epitomeINTERNAL ANALYSIS ANALYZING RESOURCESFinancial ResourcesWal-Mart is the worlds largest and most profitable retailer. Wal-Marts pre tax return on sales was 8% during 1989 which was double the industry regulation and it continues to be the front runner till now. Wal-Mart commands market value 10 times more than its book value.Wal mart storesFISCAL YEARSEGMENT terminal gross revenueSEGMENT OPEARTION INCOME20077.8%$1702920069.4%$15324200510.1%$14163Sams ClubFISCAL YEARSEGMENT NET SALESSEGMENT OPEARTION INCOME20074.5%$151220067.29%$138520057.59%$1280InternationalFISCAL YEARSEGMENT NET SALESSEGMENT OPEARTION INCOME200730.2%$4259200612.7%$3509200519.3%$3197Human ResourcesWal-Mart promotes i nternal staff development and over 60% of its store managers are promoted internally then direct recruits. Wal-Mart believes in recruiting people with a flair for customer service and trains them accordingly to its strong company values. Employees are treated as owners as more than 70% of employees have shares of the company and incentives are paid in stock options too.Physical ResourcesWal-Mart developed its computerized record system way back in 1970 that decreased check-out and reordering times and built extremely automated statistical dispersion centres, reducing shipping cost and time. Wal-Mart has continued to be an innovator and has this has led it to create and sustain its competitive advantage by being the first and to be continuous to replace systems and processes replicated by competitors.Intellectual or Intangible ResourcesWal-Marts core resources are its customers which total over 40 million per year. Wal-Mart has over 1.3 million associates (employees) at its store s, worldwide. The author feels this itself is unique which helps Wal-Mart get 1.3 million unique, hardcore loyal customers. Wal-Mart uses its technological capabilities to sustain its cost leadership in distribution and captain blood systems.Culture AnalysisWal-Marts culture is as unique and distinctive as possible considering the mammoth that it has grown into today. Usually firms even of a small and medium company find it hard to maintain and build good customer service but Wal-Mart has always had it as its foundation and till today preaches and practices exemplary customer service. Wal-Marts Corporate Citizenship actively helps development of the community with programs spread across education, health, and environment. Wal-Marts Code Adam, atribute to a lost child in a retail store helps prevent children getting lost in stores today which make it a safer place for families to shop. Wal-Marts Ten Foot Rule and sunset Rule all promote the employees to treat the customer right, fi rst time, always. Employees are treated as Associates inspiring their status. The everyday morning cheers act as a ritual and cheer and energize the associates makingthem part of the organization. Associates acting as greeters at the entrance of every store worldwide is unique and makes the customer more welcome and special.P.E.S.T. ANALYSIS FOR WAL-MARTP.E.S.T. AnalysisPolitical Influences European Customs and Regulations FDI Restrictions UKs Zoning RegulationsEconomic Influence War in Iraq Global Terrorism swap evaluate Low levels of productivity in Asian Countries Wall Street ImprovementsSocial Influence Marketing strategies in prepareive Absence of Bulk Buying Language and ethnic Barriers Anti-Globalisation MovementsTechnological Influence Advances in Technology and Satellite systems Lack of basic infrastructurePolitical InfluencesThe political influences in this industry is probably the most fire concern with organizations going global and many countries restricting the gro wth of companies by many countries. European Customs and Regulations heavily hamper expansion plans. FDI in many countries are still heavily regulated and global companies are yet to set foot into emerging markets like India.Economic InfluencesWar on Iraq has had a negative impact on consumer spending and outlook. Disproportionate levels of income and consumer spending in developing countries like India and China will impact growth of global companies. Exchange rates affect global sourcing and pricing policies on a day to day basis. Recent developments with Wall Street have helped foster a better relation and helped in Wal-Marts listing and ratings.Social InfluencesDeveloping countries are not used to push type marketing and aggressive selling. Bulk buying patterns preponderantly present in USA, is non-existent in Asian countries. Language and cultural factors is a barrier to globalisation. Anti-Globalisation movements in the recent past has affected growth of global companies, spe cially companies originated USA.Technological InfluencesDevelopment in technology and satellite systems has given a boost to Wal-Mart. Basic infrastructure still lacks for effective warehousing and distribution, the lifeline of a retail chain.PORTERS 5 FORCES ANALYSIS FOR WAL-MARTPorters AnalysisSUBSTITUTESCUSTOMERSSUPPLIERSMARKETNEW ENTRANTSHorizontal Forces Mature marketsVertical Forces Growth MarketsVertical and Horizontal Competitive and changing marketsWAL-MART SUPPLIERS military unitWal-Mart enjoyed a 50 percent market share position in the discount retail industry.Procter Gamble, Clorox, and Johnson Johnson were among its nearly 3,000suppliers. Though Wal-Mart may have been the top customer for consumer productmanufacturers, it deliberately ensured it did not become too dependent on any onesupplier no single vendor constituted more than 4 percent of its overall purchasevolume. Further, Wal-Mart had persuaded its suppliers to have electronic hook-upswith its stores.About 85 percent of all the merchandise sold by Wal-Mart was shipped through itsdistribution system to its stores. (Competitors supplied to their retail outlets onaverage less than 50 percent of the merchandise through their own distributioncenters.) Wal-Mart used a saturation strategy for store expansion. The standardwas to be able to drive from a distribution center to a store in spite of appearance a day. Adistribution center was strategically placed so that it could eventually serve 150-200Wal-Mart stores within a day. Stores were built as far away as possible but stillwithin a days drive of the distribution center the area then was filled back (orsaturated back) to the distribution center. Each distribution center operated 24 hoursa day using laser-guided conveyer belts and cross-docking techniques that receivedgoods on one side while simultaneously filling orders on the other.The company own a fleet of more than 3,000 trucks and 12,000 trailers. (Mostcompetitors outsourced trucking.) Wal-Mart had implemented a satellite networksystem that allowed information to be shared between the companys wide networkof stores, distribution centers, and suppliers. The system consolidated orders forgoods, enabling the company to buy full truckload quantities without incurring theinventory costs.The bargaining power of suppliers and buyers is low with Wal-Mart having established a near monopoly in its kin market and increasing its market-share in its overseas operations. Wal- Mart is already Canadas and Mexicos top retail chain and in UK is at the third position.Threat of entry remains low in the home market and globally. The entry scene is limited to existing retail chains as the cost of setup is substantial. regulative restrictions are also a concern here.Threat of substitute products is low to medium with consumers having a choice from different stores to buy the same product at highly competitive prices. A sixth force, called the complementors enable the firm whose produ cts or services work in conjunction with enabling a synergistic effect .Wal-Mart seesmore customers than the banks do these days. Recent antitrust lawsuits over Visa and MasterCard by retailers, headed by Wal-Mart, alleging the use of expensive debit cards and the costs borne by the retailers may upset the market .The intensity of competitive rivalry can be classified low to medium Thepower obtained by the low bargaining power of suppliers and buyers is offset by the threat of substitutes and threat of entry. Overall a substantial amount of power still lies with Wal-Mart considering the scale of operations and maturity in its industry.WAL-MART S.W.O.T. ANALYSISS.W.O.T. ANALYSISStrengthsWal-Mart is the largest corporation in the world giving it enormous status and recognition in the industry and new markets. Wal-Mart is great at building and maintaining relationships with suppliers. Wal-Mart is a continuous learning organization with integrated systems and frequent meetings with stor e and aisle managers and systems that receive 8.4 million updates every minute on transactions from its stores. More than 70 million customers roam Wal- Mart aisles each week (Fortune, 2003). Wal-Marts distribution centre and logistics capabilities are a key strength adding value to its entire system. Wal-Marts cross-docking and effective inventory managements gives its a 3% cost advantage which helps sustain its Every Day Low Price strategy .WeaknessesWal-Mart shows little adaptability to its formats in overseas expansions. Wal-Mart is still to develop its expertise in international marketing. Shows weakness in its expansion by not fulfilling expansion plan of opening 50 new stores in Germany during 2001.Opportunities growing middle class of consumers in emerging markets like China and India, gives Wal- Mart a tremendous opportunity for global expansion. There is growing consolidation in the market with the weak economy which is also leaving many competitors up for sale at below bo ok value. Growth of e-commerce enables a new business channel and Wal-Mart has aggressively trying to capture and create its presence in this medium too.ThreatsRecent years have witnessed anti-globalisation movements affecting global companies and American companies in general and Wal-Mart can face stiff resistance from consumers in new markets. Recent wars and outbreaks have affected sales globally. Increased competition in originate markets like Germany and U.K. with established retail chains dominating despite Wal-Marts entry. Growing trade blocks and zoning regulations hamper Wal-Marts expansion plans.SummaryThe beauty of Wal-Marts Value cooking stove is the scale of operations and the control it exercises over each activity. Wal-Mart takes care of all the activities internally except partially outsourcing its logistics requirements. Its systems integration from inventory, to stores, to headquarters to suppliers is the lifeline of its success. Transportation undertaken by its own fleet of trucks is an added advantage. The core activity remains in its bulk buying and inventory management which supports Wal-Marts competitive advantage of pricing and every element shows traces of cost leadership. Total integration is key here. Wal-Mart located its discount stores around regional warehouses allowing a streamlined and low costphysical distribution . cultivationWal-Mart considering its scale and scope of operations has given a dynamic perspective in analysis of the many frameworks analyzed with. Strategists like Govindrajan and Gupta, who specialize in globalisation, back and acknowledge Wal-Mart as a global organization and highly lauding Ironically, Rugman, argues, Wal-Mart as a regional player with regional strategy considering that Wal-Mart has only 9.6% of its stores outside its home region and only 16.3% of revenue is generated from stores outside its home country.Again considering classification such as the NAFTA and the TRIAD, large economies (Countri es) are clubbed together and treated as one which the author disagrees to justify as one. Arguments such as only a certain percentage of business is generated outside the TRIAD making a business less global are arguments the author disagrees with. With the EU becoming as one then soon, the world will become large chunks of amalgamations. The simple rendering or presence in different markets should be taken into consideration of being global. Many strategists do not give concessions for the time the business has started to open globally. Wal-Mart for instance has grown to such a strong position over 40 years,this would take considerable time to replicate and adapt in international markets. Analysis using Yips Globalisation / Localisation Drivers shows the industry and Wal-Mart in general moving towards globalisation but yet maintaining key aspects to localisation. This could be the way ahead. The Transnational Model illustrates the same key aspect. Marketing strategy and product va riation though it can be global, it needs to be tuned to the local market catered considering the emergence of localisation preference in consumers. The market has gone too global, that consumers place an emphasis of localisation.Acknowledgements are made that the industry is maturing far greater than internationalization but its yet to be seen as a global player. scarce its a matter of time before it expands it to new markets and creates a foothold.COMPETITIVE returns FORWAL-MARTAnalysis of the generic strategy and the supporting value chain, gives us a good insight into sources of Wal-Marts competitive advantage. When two or more firms compete within the same market, one firm possesses competitive advantage over its rivals when it earns a persistently higher rate of profit .Wal-Marts capability to vanquish its rivals is achieved with its ability to outperform its competitors quickly and effectively. Supporting this is its, highly integrated systems, technological advances, high ly efficient inventory management skills, few markdowns and few stock-outs. This is back up also by its corporate culture encouraging and rewarding initiative and innovation.Low cost leadership helps the firm above average returns in the industry despite strong competitive forces . Traces of cost leadership are noticeable in the value chain. Wal-Mart saves costs by holding stocks for less than 48 hours in its inventory. Wal- Mart is known to negotiate with suppliers for the lowest cost of the product without any frills and marketing expenses which adds to the cost later. Wal-Marts purchase by the truckload saves costs again by bulk purchasing. Wal-Marts inventory handling and logistics distribution with its own fleet of 2000 plus trucks help attain a cost effective distribution channel than relying on unreliable suppliers networks which costs in delays. But is Wal-Marts strategy based solely on cost or does it have any other attributes based on its characteristics. Wal-Mart appear s to have a specialization strategy.The differentiation strategy is one of differentiating the product or service offering of the firm, creating something that is perceived industry-wide as being unique. It can be design or brand image, technology, features, customer service, dealer network or other dimensions High degree of customer service with store greeters and no questions asked policies reaffirms Wal-Marts differentiation from its competitors. Every Day Low Price strategy helped reinforce Wal-Mart was the lowest price.The third generic strategy advocated by Porter is the focus strategy. The focus strategy is focusing on a particular buyer group, segment of the product line or geographic market as with differentiation, focus may take many forms .Wal-Mart right from its foundation located its stores to out of town areas with small populations. This was a segment ignore by its competitors giving Wal-Mart an edge over competition by locating itself in a low competitive environmen t before it creates competition. Wal-Marts focus on the segment of people targeted as well as its location of stores, does give it an attribute of the focus strategy.Effective implementation of any of these generic strategies usually requires total commitment and supporting organizational arrangements that are diluted if there is more than one base target .Arguably Porter termed organizations attempting cost leadership and differentiation together as stuck-in-the-middle and it does not lead to competitive advantage and its sustainability. Academic criticism is not new and Porter has received his share of it. Most strategists feel low cost leadership alone, does not lead to competitive advantage unless there is an element of differentiation. A strategy combining elements of low cost, price and leadership is known as hybrid strategy .Mintzberg advocated the hybrid strategy for it combines both elements of low cost leadership with differentiation. However, the fact can not be denied t hat Wal-Mart has a focus strategy as well as a differentiation strategy. Overall the company thrives on cost leadership.The global validity of these are tested with Wal-Marts core strategy in every market it operates, it maintains cost leadership in all activities as well as it maintains its differentiation by having exemplary service. The adoption of the focus strategy globally can be critiqued as Wal-Mart is unable to expand into most markets like UK and Europe with tight zoning regulations and its entry into these markets have been through mergers and acquisitions. But the focus of the segment of customers targeted remains undiluted though the focus of location geographically is understood to be compromised considering the market conditions.SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGEWal-Marts sustainable competitive advantage can be attributed to its cost advantage supported by its inventory management skills and processes and expertise in supply chain management (which can not be replicat ed considering the scale of operations) and its culture which promotes aggressive customer service and satisfaction through satisfied and happy associates.The ability to build and maintain relationships with its customers, suppliers, and its associates and its speed in innovation and initiative ness is also a source of sustainable competitive advantage.CORE COMPETENCIES FORWAL-MARTPrahalad and Hamel (1990) define core competencies as the collective learning of the organization, especially how to co-ordinate diverse production skills and integrate octuple streams of technologies. The cumulative learning acquired with experience in an industry enhances a firms competence.Wal-Marts core competence can be said to be its knowledge achieved by its inventory management skills with its supply chain management facilitated by its innovations like the cross-docking techniques and its innovation in information technology and in relationship strategy maintained with its customers, suppliers, an d associates and its cost strategy achieved with its scale of operations.This passes the three tests whereby its providing added value to customers and is difficult for competitors to imitate considering the scale of operations to achieve such economies and provides access to wider markets.Wal-Marts achieves competencies from Cross docking Supply chain management Communication strategy with suppliers and associates Relationship strategy with suppliers and associates People strategy Cost strategy Location and market strategy Ability and inspiration from Sam Walton Customer service strategy Knowledge management Innovation in I.T. and warehousing and inventory managementAlthough an exhaustive list, Wal-Mart does achieve and maintain the above in proportions unseen in its industry. Although they are imitateable, competitors have been unable to replicate the entire series and sustain it. Profit verses non-profit objectives We can see one difference in both the objectives i.e. in profitab le objectives we have to emphasise revenue, profit growth and our product must be able to fulfil our customer demands. But non-profit objectives are just to complete the need of our organisation i.e. general community, health and welfare.

GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ON RADIO BROADCASTING :: essays research papers

     In 1978 a radio station owned by Pacifica Foundation Broadcasting out of NewYork City was doing a program on contemporary attitudes toward the use oflanguage. This broadcast occurred on a mid-afternoon weekday. Immediatelybefore the broadcast the station announced a disclaimer telling listenersthat the program would embarrass "sensitive language which might be regarded asoffensive to some."(Gunther, 1991) As a part of the program the stationdecided to air a 12 minute monologue called "Filthy row" by comedian GeorgeCarlin. The mental hospital of Carlins "routine" consisted of, according toCarlin, " speech communication you couldnt say on the public air waves."(Carlin, 1977) Theintroduction to Carlins monologue listed those words and repeated them in avariety of colloquialismsI was thinking about the curse words and the swear words, the cuss words andthe words that you merchantmant say, that youre not supposed to say all the time.I was thinking one night about the words you couldnt say on the public, ah,airwaves, um, the ones you definitely wouldnt say, ever. Bastard you pratsay, and hell and damn so I have to figure out which ones you couldnt andever and it came down to seven but the list is open to amendment, and infact, has been changed, uh, by now. The original seven words were shit,piss, fuck, cunt, cocksucker, motherfucker, and tits. Those are the onesthat will curve your spine, grow hair on your hands and maybe, even bring us,God help us, quietude without honor, and a bourbon. (Carlin, 1977)     A man driving with his young son controld this broadcast and reported it to theFederal Communications Commission FCC. This broadcast of Carlins "FilthyWords" monologue caused one of the greatest and most controversial cases inthe history of broadcasting. The case of the FCC v. Pacifica Foundation.The outcome of this case has had a lasting effect on what we hear on theradio.           This landmark case gave the FCC the "power to regulate radio broadcasts thatare indecent but not obscene." (Gunther, 1991) What does that mean, exactly?According to the government it means that the FCC can only regulatebroadcasts. They can not censor broadcasts, that is determine what isoffensive in the matters of speech.      Before this case occurred there were genuine laws already in locating thatprohibited obscenity over radio. One of these laws was the "law ofnuisance". This law "generally speaks to channeling behavior more thanactually prohibiting it."(Simones, 1995) The law in essence meant thatcertain words depicting a sexual nature were limited to certain times of the

Carl Gustav Jung and the Buddhist Mandala Essay -- Buddhism Religion P

Carl Gustav Jung and the Buddhist Mandala A one-time disciple of Sigmund Freuds, Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) is credited with contributing significantly to the burgeoning field of psychotherapy by formulating some of the introductory ideas regarding dream analysis, psychological complexes and archetypes (paradigmatic images or instinctive impulses to action). As part of his search for universal keys to the human psyche, Jung also studied and wrote numerous commentaries throughout his career on Eastern religious texts and practices. His reading of Buddhism however, is fundamentally faulted as evidenced by his misunderstanding and misrepresentation of mandala symbolism. Originally, Buddhist mandalas1 aide-mmoires that helped meditators keep focussed during long elaborate visualizations. They were platelike circumscribed square floor plans that represented three-dimensional palatial constructions. Each mandala palace was equated in meditation with the psycho-spatial complex o f the meditator himself, so that any Buddha or2 depicted inwardly his projected self-construction was understood to be a personification of his own enlightenment potential. The meditator would then mentally circumambulate his own palatial self-projection and consciously identify himself with the palaces (i.e. with his own) house physician bodhisattvas. After effecting this transformative deity yoga, the meditator would then dissolve the entire edifice into emptiness. He thereby constructed, transformed and dissolved his own psycho-physical complex into the empty nature of Buddhahood. harmonise to Carl Jung however, mandalas expressed the deep-seated universal archetype of the completely whole Self which balanced and integrated its conscious and uncon... ...n Buddhist Insight Meditation. The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 20.1 (1988) 61-69. Jung, Carl Gustav. Archetypes and the incorporated Unconscious. Collect gen Series, 1978. Originally published in 1935 as Psycholo gischer Kommentar zum Bardo Thodol. Das Tibetanische Totenbuch. Russel, Elbert W. Consciousness and the Unconscious Eastern Meditative And Western Psychotherapeutic Approaches. The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology18.1 (1986) 51-72. Waldron, William. A equation of the Alayavijnana with Freuds and Jungs Theories of the Unconscious. Annual Memoirs of the Otani University Shin Buddhist Comprehensive Research Institute 6 (1988) 109-150. Wayman, Alex. Contributions on the Symbolism of the Mandala Palace. Etudes Tibetaines, Dedies la Mmoire de Marcelle Lalou. Paris Librairie dAmerique et dOrient, Adrien Maisonneuve, 1971.