Private Prisons - 1166 Words

Running head: PRISON PRIVATIZATION 1 An Assessment of Prison Privatization Sharon Baumann-Heller ORG 8575 Michael Mills August 12, 2012 PRISON PRIVATIZATION 2 Abstract Over-crowding in our federal, state, and local prisons, along with a depressed economy, has resulted in a trend toward privatization of these facilities. This paper examines the core issues surrounding private prisons in the areas of cost-effectiveness, recidivism, and the special needs of specific groups of inmates, including the elderly and mentally challenged. It explores problems related to the prison industry in general and whether privatization is the solution to these problems.†¦show more content†¦The impact of budget cuts and a depressed economy continues to pose health care problems for jails and prisons as a whole. The high rate of disease and illness experienced in the prison population poses a threat not only to the prisoners, but to the staff and general public as well (Summary, 2007). Although society thinks of prisons and jails as self-contained, what is occurring inside finds its way to the outside. For instance, untreated staph infections, hepatitis C, and HIV can directly impact the family and friends of inmates, as well as neighborhoods and communities (Summary, 2007). Reid (2008) notes that the mentally challenged present a serious challenge to our prison systems. He reports that over 50 percent of all inmates have mental health problems, with a high percentage of both jail and prison inmates meeting the criteria for psychotic disorders. Society does not know how to PRISON PRIVATIZATION 5 appropriately respond to the maladaptive behaviors exhibited by the mentally challenged, so many of them are incarcerated rather than diverted to mental facilities. Studies have shown that it would cost less money to send this class of prisoner to a mental health facility than to pay for their incarceration and related extra costs. Some contend that the conditions under which mentally challenged prisoners are subject in prisons actually exacerbate mental illness. This includes such things as isolation and inadequate ventilationShow MoreRelatedPrivatization Of Prisons And Its Effects On Private Prisons2897 Words   |  12 PagesPrivatization of prisons is the confining of inmates by a third party that is contracted by a government agency and it refers to the takeover of present public facilities by private operators and the operation of new prisons by for-profit prison companies. Privatization is simply a contract that shifts public functions and re sponsibilities, in whole, from the public sector to the private sector. Private prisons can also be defined as a contract to provide other services to public prisons such as transportationRead MorePrivate Prisons1463 Words   |  6 PagesPrivatization of Prisons As state budgets throughout America become tighter because of rising costs, many are looking at private prisons as a way to reduce the cost in detaining inmates. Just like everything else in America there has to be a debate about it. There are those that are for the privatization of prisons and those that are against it. James A. Fagin introduced this topic in his text book CJ2013; he discussed the major selling point of private prisons, and the problems that states areRead MorePrivate Prisons2662 Words   |  11 PagesThe concept of the prison has existed for more than two thousand years. It probably goes back as far in time as practice of cannibalism, where victims had to wait for their turn in contributing to the chief course in the menu of their captors. Examples of prisons can even be found in the Old Testament when Joseph was incarcerated in Egypt. It was not until the 19th century that a clear shift occurred from corporal punishment to imprisonment. As societies prospered and the industrial revolution beganRead MoreThe Relationship Between Private Prison And Private Prisons Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesSynopsis The use of private prison has been a serious issue in the United States. The main issue is the amount of money that private prison companies are consuming. The private prisons are making millions of dollars from housing inmates. Between 1970 and 2005 the U.S. population has grown by 700 percent (Private prison, 2013). This massive increase in the U.S. prison population is far outpacing the population and crime rate. Due to this, America has the biggest prison rate than any other countryRead MorePros And Cons Of Private Prisons1625 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States has had a long and controversial history when it comes to the U.S prison system. Holding only approximately 5% of the global population; U.S prisoners account for almost 25% of the worlds prisoners, having even more than China; a nation with almost a billion more citizens than the U.S (PrisonStudies.org) Even when considering these alarming statistics, discussing the method of caring for, feeding, and rehabilitat ing prisoners in the U.S is often avoided as many United States citizensRead MorePrivate Prisons And Public Prisons815 Words   |  4 Pagesis essentially the Enron of the private prison industry, has long touted private prisons as an alternative to government-owned prisons. Indeed, CCA has set forth three reasons justifying the creation of private prisons for federal inmates: †¢ Cost Effectiveness. Private prisons are less expensive to operate and will save the federal government millions of dollars. †¢ Safety. Private prisons are effectively protect inmates’ safety. †¢ Humane Treatment. Private prisons are modern facilities that provideRead MorePrivate Prisons Are The Operation Of A Prison1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe need of private detainment facilities has immediately created all through numerous years. Private jails are the operation of a jail by a privately owned business under contract with a nearby, state, or potentially central government, frequently as a revenue driven business. With the gigantic development inside the prison masses coming to fruition because of the War on Drugs and extended usage of confinement, correctional facility clog and expanding costs ended up being logically dubious for neighborhoodRead MorePrivate Prisons Vs. Federal Prisons1175 Words   |  5 PagesPrivate prisons are supposedly more cost effective than state or federal prisons. Or that is what their representatives say. But regardless of whether they save money or not, are they truly beneficial for our communities? This article hopes to break down som e of the myths these private prison corporations have used to push their agenda and discuss how that is far from the case. By doing so, the reader can form his/her own conclusions on how pervasive and detrimental private prisons have become withinRead MoreThe Use Of Private Prisons For Federal Inmates1604 Words   |  7 PagesPhase Out Use of Private Prisons for Federal Inmates. This was an article title created by Charlie Savage, a Pulitzer Prize winner and correspondent for the New York Times in Washington on August 18, 2016. Savage wrote how the Obama administration would begin to phase out the use of private run prisons to hold inmates. This was ultimately due to the research done on the quality of life for inmates, the safety of inmates and prison employees, and the security of private run prisons. In the articleRead MoreThe Cost Of Private Prisons Essay818 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the fact that private prisons typically only house healthy inmates. When cost estimates are adj usted to account for this, the results are surprising: Without adjusting for the increased medical costs imposed on state-run prisons, a 2010 Corrections Department study found that daily per inmate costs were cheaper in private prisons, at $57.97 as opposed to $60.66. However, when adjusting for medical costs, the results flipped with daily per inmate costs cheaper in state-run prisons at $48.42 compared

Analysis Of The Book The Catcher Of The Rye By Quot....

The Catcher in the Rye, a novel written by J.D. Salinger, follows the short journey in which a teenage boy is coming to terms with his encroaching adulthood. Holden, the main character, has been kicked out of a private school for the third time. In New York, he is on the verge of a mental breakdown. Holden is reluctant to act on the obvious solution of returning home and feels discombobulation towards the consequences he might have to face. He reflects on the death of his brother and struggles from loneliness because his brother was the only person he really had a connection with. He now has no one around his age to reach out to.Salinger illustrates through the struggles of Holden that the hardest part of growing up the whirl winds a†¦show more content†¦Again it can be seen when Bernice, the blonde, asks, â€Å"Hey- how old are you anyways† and Holden tells us that it annoyed him and then responds, â€Å"Oh, Chris. Don’t spoil it. I’m twelve, for ch rissake. I’m big for my age†.(94) From this, we can understand Holden yearning to be taken seriously as an adult, but his childish acts always get in the way of positive reactions from adult and ultimately his acceptance as an equal. In this search for his right of passage into adulthood,Holden is constantly trying to keep prove himself. Holden is 17 years old, and he is not really a child anymore and tries to gain validation from strangers and himself by drinking and smoking. In the early chapters of the book Holden acts immature, but as the journey progresses so does Holden. He comes to make rational decisions as his trip goes on as demonstrated by Salinger when Holden calls Sally and asks her out on a real date; it is considerably less callow than when he called Faith in the middle of the night in hopes of getting drinks and then having sex. Holden starts to learn and grow into his age. Notice that Holden only drinks in public and never in privacy. He looks to othe rs for recognition that he can take alcohol like a man. When he smokes in the room with Stradlater and

Short Story Who I Trust Essay Example For Students

Short Story Who I Trust Essay Throughout my whole life my mother would always tell me, â€Å"Keep your friends close and your enemies closer. † I never understood what she meant, or what she was trying to tell me. But as I have grown older, I know what she was trying to say. Growing up as a child I was always shy and kept to myself. Because of that I didn’t have very many friends. But I will never forget the day where I thought I made a friend. Not only that, but a best friend. It was a sunny, cool, April morning, I was on my way to school, going through my usual routine. As I walked into the school, through the cafeteria and into the gym I felt like all eyes were watching me. I never did like being the center of attention. Looking into the sea of kids, I found my seventh grade class and made my way to the bleachers to wait for the morning bell to ring. But what I didn’t know is there was a surprise, not only for the class, but for me. At the very top of those purple painted bleachers, in a corner, sat a girl I had never seen before. She had long, brown, wavy hair, green eyes, and she was wearing a blue shirt with sparkles all over it. She looked secluded from the rest of the people and seemed shy, just like me. Suddenly, the bell rang, dismissing all the kids from the gym to go to their class rooms. I tried to find the girl I had seen, but she disappeared into the crowd with everybody else. As I was walking down the hallway, I wondered who the girl was, and where she was going. I turned the corner, walked through the door to my class room and I saw her sitting there, her chair right next to mine. At first I was nervous to go sit down because I didn’t think she would like me. But when I finally got the nerve to go to my chair, she smiled at me. When our teacher, Mr. Smith, finally came into the room, he said in a very excited voice, â€Å"Class, we have a new student, her name is Kelsey,† and pointed to the girl sitting next to me. Kelsey and I quickly became close to each other. We were even best friends, that’s how we introduced ourselves to everyone. We were always partners in class for school projects. I remember doing the egg drop project for our Science class. Our egg smashed into a million pieces when it hit the ground. We didn’t win, but we didn’t care, because we had so much fun doing it. We would hang out outside of school, too. Normally, we would go to the park and swing, or play basketball, other times we would just walk around town trying to find something to do. Our bubbly friendship lasted throughout most high school. Until one cold, cloudy day in December, I found out who she really was. In the beginning, it seemed like any other day. We walked to the bus stop together, sat by each other on the bus, and walked back home from school that afternoon, everything seemed normal. We went back to her house, where I flopped down on the couch and started watching a reality TV show called â€Å"Jersey Shore†. Kelsey was in the bathroom getting ready. Changing her clothes and doing her hair and makeup. She had told me that her mother was taking her out for dinner that night, to a really fancy restaurant. Out of nowhere, I heard a ringing noise, ring, ring, and ring. It seemed like it lasted forever. Finally, Kelsey yelled at me to answer it. Without thinking I picked up the phone and said, â€Å"Hello? † but what happened next put me in shock. The person on the other end of the phone said, â€Å"Hey babe†, but the voice sounded very familiar, it sounded like my boyfriend. I thought my heart had dropped to my stomach. .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf , .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf .postImageUrl , .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf , .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf:hover , .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf:visited , .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf:active { border:0!important; } .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf:active , .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91b3d9440a677535aa9278282c825edf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Monk Swimming, by Malachy McCourt and The Glass Castle, by Jeannette Walls EssayI felt surprised, scared, and angry, all at once. I didn’t know what to do or what to say, so I hung up the phone. In a rush, I got back on the phone to check the number in the incoming calls log, and sure enough, that’s who it was, my boyfriend. Not really sure what to do at that point I went running out of the house and I remember hearing Kelsey yell my name, but I wouldn’t turn around. Even though it was cold outside, the wind hitting my face was hot. I felt sick to my stomach. I wasn’t sure where I was running to, I was just trying to get as far away as possibl e. Eventually, I found myself at home, crying. For the next couple of days I ignored Kelsey and my boyfriend. I wouldn’t reply to their calls or text messages, I even skipped school for those days just so I wouldn’t have to see Kelsey. I had never been in this kind of situation before, so I wasn’t sure how to react. I didn’t want to lose my best friend, but I didn’t want a backstabber for a friend either. So, I went searching for advice, and I found it, in my mother. She told me, â€Å"Don’t ever let anyone run you over, stand up for yourself. You do want you want, you make your own decisions, but most importantly, do what makes you happy. That evening I was up all night, tossing and turning, trying to figure out what to do with the situation I was in. Then, out of nowhere, it clicked in my head, I knew what to do. The next morning I woke up, and getting ready for school, I was rehearsing what I was going to say to Kelsey. I will never forget this day. I walked outside and, even though it was December, it felt warm. The sun was shining bright, the snow was melting, and birds where chirping. And in that moment, I felt like I had the world on my side. I finally made it to the school. I walked straight to Kelsey’s locker, where she tried to greet me with a smile. But once she seen the anger in my face, her smile disappeared. I told her exactly how I felt, how I trusted her more than anybody, and how she was supposed to be my best friend. She tried to apologize, but I didn’t give her the chance. I didn’t want to hear any excuses. At the end of my rant, I finally told her I was done with her, and that I didn’t want to be friends with a lying backstabber. When I turned to walk away from her, I felt like I was out of breath, but I also had the feeling of relief. I had finally gotten all my anger out of my system, and I felt good about it. I was more confident than I ever had been. To this day, I still do not talk to Kelsey. It was hard for me to trust other people again, so it was hard for me to make new friends and be in a good relationship. But I learned that not everybody is like Kelsey and my ex-boyfriend. I have learned to trust again, but I have also learned to choose my friends wisely. She changed the way I seen her as a person, and how I see others. Even though our friendship ended badly, she helped me realize the people I want to be friends with and the people I want in my life. I now understand what my mother was trying to tell me all those years growing up. And I will never forget it.

Marketing Analysis of Burberry Essay Example

Marketing Analysis of Burberry Essay The buyer of the razor should be men aged 20-34 and should belong to pre-married ABA, CLC socio-economic groups. Strategy By targeting selected costumers and offering them particularly described product company should achieve chosen objectives. Ups mix Product Source: Presentation week 7 Product Attributes Barberrys new razor should have very high quality blades made from expensive material for long lasting performance. Core product should also have at least four blades since most of the razors in todays market have from 3 to 5 blade system. There should be lubricating layer with vitamin e and aloe (for more comfortable shave). Products handle should consist of unique the Barberry check mixed with stainless steel or some other luxury looking material. Another important thing is boxing, it should attract people attention with its color shape and material. Benefits This product should satisfy its buyer with extremely fashionable and unique design, comfortably fit the contours of the hand, providing a smooth, firm grip and superior shaving results. Values The main companies values traditions, uniqueness, style and luxury should be seen in this new Barberrys razor. Positioning We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Analysis of Burberry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Analysis of Burberry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Analysis of Burberry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Learn the Spanish-language Version of O Christmas Tree

Learn the Spanish-language Version of O Christmas Tree Below is a Spanish-language version of O Tannenbaum, a famous  German Christmas carol more formally known in English as O Christmas Tree. After exploring the translated lyrics, learn how the word order changes for poetry in Spanish, along with additional vocabulary and grammar notes for the translation. These notes will better explain how phrases and terms change in translation from German to Spanish, plus how the definition of the word can transform itself into the Spanish language. Review the lyrics of  Quà © Verdes Son below and then learn about the difference between hoja, brillar,  airosas, and other words and phrases within the song. Qu verdes son Quà © verdes son, quà © verdes sonlas hojas del abeto.Quà © verdes son, quà © verdes sonlas hojas del abeto.En Navidad quà © hermoso estcon su brillar de luces mil.Quà © verdes son, quà © verdes sonlas hojas del abeto. Quà © verdes son, quà © verdes sonlas hojas del abeto.Quà © verdes son, quà © verdes sonlas hojas del abeto.Sus ramas siempre airosas son,su aroma es encantador.Quà © verdes son, quà © verdes sonlas hojas del abeto. Translation of the Spanish Lyrics How green are, how green arethe needles of the fir tree.How green are, how green arethe needles of the fir tree.At Christmas how beautiful you arewith your glittering of a thousand lights.How green are, how green arethe needles of the fir tree. How green are, how green arethe needles of the fir tree.How green are, how green arethe needles of the fir tree.Your branches always elegant are,your aroma is enchanting.How green are, how green arethe needles of the fir tree. Vocabulary, Grammar and Translation Notes An unusual word order is used throughout the lyrics in the  Quà © verdes son  song for poetic purposes, and so the lyrics tend to go well with the music.The phrase typically used to refer to a Christmas tree is rbol de Navidad. Although these lyrics do not specifically refer to a Christmas tree, neither do those of the original German carol.Hoja is normally translated as leaf, but needles is used in this song because that is what the leaves of a fir tree are typically called. Hoja can also be used to refer to a sheet of paper or a sheet of metal.Brillar is a verb usually meaning to shine, to glitter, or to be conspicuous. The infinitive form here, like other infinitives, can be used as a noun. In nonpoetic use of the language, the noun brillantez would be more likely here.Airosas could have been translated more literally as airy.Note that the word  aroma, like many other words of Greek origin ending in -a, is masculine.

Comparing Masacios Holy Trinity and Jan Van Eycks Arnolfini Marriage Essays

Comparing Masacios Holy Trinity and Jan Van Eycks Arnolfini Marriage Essays Comparing Masacios Holy Trinity and Jan Van Eycks Arnolfini Marriage Paper Comparing Masacios Holy Trinity and Jan Van Eycks Arnolfini Marriage Paper In comparing Masacios Holy Trinity and Jan Van Eycks Arnolfini marriage, we are able to analyze many similarities and differences. We notice the innovative Renaissance techniques as well as these two paintings being pivotal pieces not only in these artists careers but also as pioneering artists in history. If we compare these two painting with Gothic art, we observe that these artists techniques have much evolved. These evolved techniques include a focus on naturalism and individualism. These two elements distinguish people in the paintings and are very realistic, unlike gothic art, in which all the people looked the same. The focus on detail, precision, and depth is truly amazing in both Holy Trinity and Arnolfini. The colors in Masacios Holy Trinity can help us see the artists intent on creating deep space. Masacio used red to give the feeling of closeness and blue to give the feeling of this deep space. But the reason for these colors goes beyond precision and for the first time people were dealing with having meaning and ideas behind their paintings rather than just telling a story. Masacios use of blue and red is strategically placed to pull us in to the painting with the blue and push us away with the red. This feeling of push and pulling can also be seen in Von Eycks Arnolfini, in a different way. Van Eycks piece gives us a general image of the betroval of a young couple but then proceeds to lure us into the center of the painting, which is the mirror. The mirror with immense detail absorbs the room but also reflects it. The mirror is almost a hole in this room but takes all of what we see with it and transforms it into a refection. Hence we are pulled into the hole but also pushed back by the reflection. Another aspect of these two paintings that is important to notice is the different settings of each painting and how they affect the overall feeling and message of the paintings. With Van Eyck the setting is in a domestic house of a merchant. This is the first element to a larger idea that the painting is portraying life on earth in the present moment. This aspect together with the intense and incredible detail of the house almost puts you in the painting. We become a perfect eyewitness, which was a very innovative technique at this time because most paintings, like Masacios Holy Trinity were of God and a higher abstract place. Hence Masacios Holy Trinity is set in an abstract chapel, which portrays god as the main subject. To me, Masacios fame is much more based on the fact that the Holy Trinity was extremely mathematically precise. Masacios application of mathematics to his picture and the symmetric balance of the painting represents the research that was valued in paintings during the Renaissance. The overall feeling of Masacios painting is very dark and haunting which is supported by the intense shadows and darkness among with the almost a calm resonance. The composition of the painting also adds to the sad mood of the painting because everything seems very symmetrical and orderly. And when considering the tragic circumstances this organization does not seem right. In Van Eycks painting we are left with so much when we walk away from the painting. The extent of the detail extends information about things far past the ordinary limits of scrutiny and leaves us almost overwhelmed with the amount. He seems to have focused on everything from the fur on Arnolfinis robe to the twigs on the broom.

Risk Profile for a Casino Hotel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk Profile for a Casino Hotel - Essay Example In order to lessen their effect one has to understand the various risks that business is exposed to (Crouchy M). Basic step to embark upon this issue is to make an inventory of all possible reasons that are directly or indirectly influencing the performance of the business and then try to mitigate them. This essay mainly concentrates on a casino hotel; various risks involved with it and the ways adopted by management to overcome these issues. 1) Structural Risk: It includes risk associated with the firm itself. The security issue is one of the major parts of it. Guests must be secured enough from any sort of criminal activities inside the hotel. A single anti-peace incident may fall down its market. To overcome it to a great extent, the casino has its own security employees. They take care of any such violence on the premises and also special weapon checking facility has been implemented. Next comes risk linked with cheating and theft. As it’s related to gambling games so, cheating is obvious. Management needs to observe closely whether any of their customer or hotel itself is getting cheated or not. 2) Growth Risk: Risks arising from the expected future performance is related to growth risk. It’s not a monopolistic market rather, there is strong competition and hotel authority must struggle for its existence. Management provides well-structured perks and benefits to their members in order to retain them and also very often to the others to attract more customer. Other than this, arrangements for special programs during festive days are taken so that, in the market, it is more highlighted. 3) External Sensitivity Risk: There are some cases like an increase in government taxes, political revolution or increase in the foreign exchange rate which directly impacts on the business. Though management doesn’t have straight access to solve them but maintaining a good relationship with customers as well as political party sometimes gives a good return.

A Report Based Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

A Report Based Assignment - Essay Example The juxtaposition of the personal and professional is central to professional and ethical practise. This report will concentrate on the application of theories to nursing practise. It will deal with the importance of applying theories in clinical settings and the effects this can have on quality of care. Barriers to using theory in practise will be explored, as will the roles that practitioners, managers, theorists and educators can play in encouraging the development and use of theory-rooted practise. The use of ‘planned change’ strategies will also be discussed. It is a truism that theories are not being used in a systematic way to guide the delivery of client care. Many writers also acknowledge that the link between theories and practise is necessary for nursing’s claim to be the provider of professional care. For instance, Chalmers (1989) argues that, without a strong orientation towards the work of theorists and the work of practitioners, the basic requirements for a profession are missing. Botha (49-55) supports this argument and goes further by stating that only if we are able to prove that this link exists will we be ‘legitimate contenders’ for professional status. Previously, nursing practise has been inclined by traditional knowledge passed down through generations by unconfirmed report and in published textbooks. Without methodical confirmation for practise, nurses have done the best they could in the patients importance. Much of the nursing care offered has been rooted on own knowledge and the knowledges of nurses and others who have left before. Even today, much of mental health nursing practise is still grounded in tradition, disorganised experiment and mistake, and authority, rather than being rooted on sound experimental studies (Wilson, 42-56). Certainly, some mental health nursing knowledge approaches from "Old Wives Tales," reflecting the viewpoints of women from former days.

Learning environment Essay Example for Free

Learning environment Essay â€Å"The environment we are in affects our moods, the ability to form relationships and the effectiveness in work or play, even our health. † (Bullard, 2006). In effectively educating children an educator must build a foundation that has a stimulating environment which includes the inside and outside areas, classroom design and decor size. The outdoor learning area must be one that is organised in a way that promotes exploration and investigation of the elements of nature which includes planting trees and flowers, as well as nature stations where children can observe the different insects. On the other hand is the classroom design which also endorses discovery along with cooperation among peers. The centres should be spacious that enables free movement where group gathering can take place, as well as the different materials and manipulative that are easily accessible to children in the different learning areas in facilitating their knowledge. But however not only that, but as well as decor size which pertains to using child size toys, tools and furniture in the classroom that eliminates children from asking for assistance from adults, as well as allowing them to feel empowered by not requesting of their help. In providing a stimulating environment like the one that was now described would allow children to actively participate in their learning. This is so because the surroundings therefore cater for â€Å"appropriate ways in developing the vital skills, the knowledge and a positive attitude to learning in the individual needs of each child. It is based on â€Å"guiding children to observe, question, discuss, listen, manipulate, feel, investigate and develop the ability to think creatively and independently. This is defined as Active Learning. In discussing the importance of the active learning environment above which includes the inside and outside areas, classroom design as well as decor size that promotes active learning, this paper would now focus on one such area that is assessed in the internal environment, meaning a learning centre that needs to be enhanced, as well as strategies used for improvement to reflect my curriculum goals. Description of the Learning Centre that needs to be Improved While children were in the indoor setting of the classroom I took time to sit and observe what exactly was happening at each of the different centres. While monitoring I noticed that most of them were at the diverse learning areas excluding the language centre which had only about two (2) children who took a short amount of time interacting within that area. The other centres were very attraction as they had many tangible objects that children can interact with, whereas the other had old objects that were very unattractive and discoloured. Most of the materials were posters that were stuck to the wall which were there for a very long time, in turn making it appear distasteful and unappealing. In the language centre it therefore created a barrier that enabled children to further promote their language development as there were an insufficient amount of materials that catered for it. In addition, that learning centre did not cater for the children as it did not promote active learning, because as stated earlier when a centre has materials and manipulatives that are easily accessible to children it therefore facilitates their learning as it guides them to observe, engage and grasp different concepts in a simpler way. But however, there were no materials that held the attention of the children that they can become involved with; hence it developed a barricade for the active learning process to take place. When comparing the centres I have found that this is a situation that needs to be put back into working order immediately, because â€Å"language is an important skill that allows a person to communicate. † (Brannagan, 2010). It is a significant skill that is crucial in a child’s life as they use it to adequately exchange information with others in a meaningful way, as well as understanding the uses of reading and writing and becoming successful early readers and writers as it determines a successful future for them. In contrast, if this particular skill has a delay it can create complications in communication with others. This therefore can build frustration within the child since it may lead to miscommunication about what he/she is trying to convey. This is why it is important for me as an educator to address this matter quickly, so in turn children can have the opportunity to interact within that said learning centre and not only in the others, as they would gain better knowledge by coming into contact with materials and experiences that are provided for  them by adults, hence making it easier to make sense of the world around them, as well as influencing their rate of growth. This process is referred to as The Constructivist Theory in which the philosopher Jean Piaget believed that children’s learning is an active process where there is interaction between the person and the environment. This improvement of the Language Centre would be effective as it will continually provide active learning within all the centres in the classroom without the segregation of one. My Curriculum Goals within the Language Centre As stated by the National Early Childhood Care and Education Curriculum Guide in the strand Effective Communication â€Å"language and literacy play a critical role in the development of children’s thinking, learning and communication. To develop into successful, contributing adults, children must learn to be effective communicators and masters of their official language. † (Ministry of Education , 2005) With this being said my curriculum goals within the Language Centre are taken from the National Early Childhood Care and Education Curriculum Guide. The goals are as follows: ? A growing awareness that speaking is an effective way to communicate thoughts, ideas and views. ?A growing awareness that print (common signs and symbols) conveys meaning. ?An increasing understanding of some symbols, language patterns, letter sound relationships to predict, confirm or make meanings from using their hundred languages, which includes multimodal texts. ?Develop ways to experiment with conventional letters, word signs and symbols to convey meaning. ?Understanding of the relationship between letters and sounds. Develop ways to explore how symbols and written and visual texts are used to communicate meaning. ?The ability to derive and convey the meaning of common signs and symbols (exit signs, area labels etc. ) in the various environments (school, home, community. ) ? A love for listening to and retelling familiar stories, as well as a desire to â€Å"read† on their own. Learn new vocabulary and extend language to communicate and negotiate ideas and plan for activities. Strategies used for Improvement in the Language Centre Letters are all around us! Therefore using environmental prints stuck to the wall in the language centre such as signs, labels and logos can be of great assistance in accomplishing some of my stated goals in developing children’s reading skills. This was stated by Colorin Colorado as an influential method in making the connection between letters and first efforts to read. It discusses how adults can make these techniques interesting to a child’s learning in talking about letters, words and print. The article suggest that in taking advantage of cereal boxes, as they are colourful to facilitate learning in which they can request for the child to find the first letter of his/her name on the box which assist in letter recognition as well as when going on a car trip. This results in children making the explicit link between letters and sounds. Another strategy the article further suggests that can be utilized, is about the use of technology in taking digital pictures of signs such as â€Å"exit† or â€Å"do not enter† to create a book for children to promote his/her reading skills. Environmental print provides lots of opportunities for kids to interact with letters, sounds, and words. † After reading â€Å"Colorin Colorado† 2010 it is concluded that not only can you facilitate children’s learning in the classroom but using the environment prints that surround us everyday can be of grand assistance. As stated by the U. S Department of Education 2011, Phonological Awareness and Training assist in the development of preschool language and literacy. The article defines Phonological Awareness as the ability to detect or manipulate the sounds in words independent of meaning whereas phonological awareness training is the means of involving various training activities that focus on teaching children to identify, detect, delete, segment, or blend segments of spoken words (i. e. , words, syllables, etc. ). In the language centre I can provide picture cards along with letter cards as well so that children can make the distinction between sounds and their letters as they are able to match the letter sound card to their pictures. Other materials may include ABC books, magnetic letters, alphabet blocks and puzzles as well as alphabet charts. It has a positive effect because it’s easier in learning alphabet letters as well as the letter sound knowledge that enables them to add letters together to form words and in turn add words together to form sentences; in addition it also provides the knowledge of print awareness and early reading abilities; Incorporating Interactive and Dialog Reading declared by the U. S Department of Education 2011 refers to the adult reading stories to the children. When teachers repeat the reading’s of favourite books it enables children to become familiarized with the books that will allow for independent reading as well as utilizing different techniques to engage children in the text, while dialog reading is the term used when the adult and child switches roles where the child now becomes the storyteller and the teacher the listener and assistance of the child. Dunst, Simkus and Hamby 2012 says â€Å"Engaging young children in retelling stories read to them by parents or teachers is a strategy that is often used to promote story-related comprehension and expressive vocabulary. This article similar to the one mentioned above suggest that in reading and repeating stories to the child or a small group of children and therefore engaging them to retell the story in their own words results in the expansion of ideas and their imagination. This becomes effective because Interactive and Dialog Reading assist in oral language and vocabulary development as the teacher may ask open ended questions in engaging the child in verbal elaborations which allow the child to gain knowledge about the meaning of spoken and written words and the development of comprehension skills which caters for early literacy and language development. To further endorse these skills in the language centre that is significant in improving and supporting literacy development the materials that would be provided are lots of good child friendly books that are attractive and prints that deals with class activities e. g. helper charts, toy shelf labels, as well as charts that display good habits etc. Apart from all those strategies mentioned above this one takes a different course. This article written by Howard Phillips Parette talks about the acquistion of Phonological Awareness and Alphabetic Principles through the use of Microsoft PowerPoint. It declares that through Microsoft PowerPoint it can facilitate a child’s phonological awareness because teachers can modify such features such as colour, pictures, sounds, animation, slide design and slide transition. This promotes the acquisition of reading skills and fluency. Whereas, alphabetic principles also known as phonemic orthography which refers to relationships between letters and their associated sounds help young children develop letter-sound correspondence. Using the techniques through technology enables the promotion of comprehension skills, the understanding of the concepts about print as well as the facilitation of vocabulary development. This article is critical as it shows how to assist children in identifying letters and sounds through the use of technology. In being educated about how to incorporate technology in teaching children the acquisition of these skills, I would therefore try my utmost best in providing a computer in the language centre that would be most available to the children, as well as undertaking that strategy of how to teach the children phonological awareness and alphabetical principles on that such computer. How does the Active Language Centre Created reflect my Curriculum Goals? When assessing the language centre before I did my creation it was evident that there were no signs of my curriculum goals, mainly because of the lack of attention I gave to that particular centre and the insufficient amount of materials that were provided to the children in classroom. But however, now when comparing the centre from how it was before to this very moment, I can observe that my curriculum goals are off course reflecting. The reason for this is because it is more attractive in the eyes of the future members of society, as well as the materials that are presented to them mirrors my goals. The materials that were mentioned and described earlier above and that would be offered to them facilitates the particular skills that would be met in the declared goals and that are of great importance to the children, as well as the teacher learning strategies that were undertaken in further endorsing and accomplishing them. Limitations and Innovations In implementing the strategies that were discussed earlier, there was off course one (1) obstacle that was preventing me from accomplishing my entire task. But luckily, there were more innovations than limitations presented. They are as follows:- Innovations – all this were possible with the help and the support of the parents ? I was able to provide lots of books in the language corner that were incredibly attractive to the children. ?The magnetic letters, some puzzles along with many beautiful charts. ?Labels ?Alphabet blocks Picture cards ?Letter sound cards ?Environmental Print e. g. (signs, logos etc. ) ?Together with the children we were able to create the book that includes the different environmental signs. Limitations ?The strategy that was very different from the others which was the incorporation of the computer into the classroom was unable to accomplish due to the expense that it would have implanted. It was hard to achieve, but however after sometime we would be able to achieve it to facilitate the children’s learning. Conclusion In discussing the strategies above that I have undertaken in enhancing the Language Centre in my classroom in reflecting my goals, it has enabled me to realize how unique this learning area is to the children in the environment and to there future. When adults create rich language and literacy environments with the appropriate materials, manipulatives and teacher learning strategies to further endorse the important skills, it boosts the child’s vocabulary along with the use of language, which in turn increases their likelihood of future success.

symbolism in bless the beast and children Essay -- essays research pap

Throughout the novel Bless the Beasts and Children, by Glendon Swarthout, symbolism is used frequently to show a weakness in a character or to fulfill a purpose in the novel. The most apparent weaknesses in the bedwetters was their need for radios to help them sleep. The hats portrayed each characters personality and background in some cases. Also, The Box Canyon Boys Camp is in itself a symbol representing American society in general. The radios are the first case of symbolism shown in the novel. They are used by each and every one of the bedwetters at night to help them go to sleep. To them it helps to imagine someone is right there with them when the radios are going. On some nights, like the one at the start of the novel each of them have their radios going full blast, this shows the fear each of them have at the beginning of the novel. The children aren’t afraid of being so far from home or from their parents because each of them are plenty used to that. All of their parents go on trips away from home for long periods of time or when they are home just simply neglect them. The radios help represent something being there for them when they are afraid because their parents never are. Towards the end of the novel when the boys are herding the buffalo out of the cages it is very easy for them to throw the radios at the buffalo without missing them. This was put into the novel to show to the readers that the boys no longer need the radios in order to sleep at night and that ...

Problems on Campus

Chelsia Bell Professor Arnold English 1301-005 September 25,2012 Better Food, Healthier People Campus advisors, with very simple solutions, can solve the common health problem of bad food choices on the TJC campus. Replacing non-healthy foods in vending machines, serving healthier food in the cafeteria, and offering smaller sizes of soft drinks are all good solutions to this common problem. Everybody loves picking up a quick snack in between classes; however, sometimes the taste can throw us off and make us forget about the real picture.Most of the snacks in the vending machine are very good, but are also very high in calories, carbs, and definitely sugars. While you are enjoying your snack you have no care in the world about what you are putting in your body. If we would all just take a quick second to think about what are eating, I’m sure the amount of obesity among people, not just on campus but everywhere, would drop considerably. Replacing snacks like Reese’s, Kit- Kat, and chocolate bars with healthy snacks like the 100 calorie snacks and crackers, would easily make a significant change.Cafeteria food can sometimes be good and sometimes not so good. Because of budgets, cafeteria food could be minimum quality. They may serve whatever is cheapest at the moment with any concern about providing healthy food. Putting options like salads, baked stuff instead of fried, and serving smaller portions will also cut down on all the health problems on campus. Sometimes even juice instead of a soda can help.If the people in the cafeteria and the people over the food on campus would be more concerned about everybody else’s health, I’m sure the food choices would be a lot better. Healthier food choices equal a healthy person. Small, Medium, or Large are words that we hear most of the time when we order a soft drink. Most of the time the mediums are big enough to share with 2 people. Drinks have just gotten bigger and bigger. Offering the mini s izes of soft drinks in the vending machines would be a very good idea.Sodas are already not good for you in many ways, so the serving that comes in the mini size is plenty for anybody. It is usually difficult for me to drink a whole regular sized soda by myself. Food is always tricky. You just have to make sure you are the eating the right thing at the right time. The bad food choices on the TJC campus can easily be solved with help from supervisors and maybe even some sponsors. Nobody should have to be constantly worried about their health. Putting these better food options on campus can easily ease everyone’s mind.

The Looking Glass Self states that we imagine

The Looking Glass Self states that we imagine how we appear to others and how we imagine others reaction to our imagined appearance and that we evaluate ourselves according to how we imagine others have judged us. Every day of my life that I leave the house to go to school or to work or even to do shopping; I spend a long time in the mirror trying to reassure myself that I look alright, when I go out, I imagine that people I pass by look at me and notice that I do not look good. I imagine them passing on judgments at me, commenting at my hair, my shirt, my shoes, my over all appearance etc. Thus when I meet someone who says that I look good, I usually tell myself that they are just saying it out of politeness and that they are just to ashamed to tell me I look awful. I understand now that our self-concept is influenced by how we think other people see us and that it is a very dangerous path to take, because our belief in who we are is dependent on other people and we will end up continuously comparing ourselves to others which ultimately lead us to feel negatively about our selves. When I watched the video of Reviving Ophelia, I felt alarmed at how media has become a greater force in shaping how teens behave and think about themselves. The media portrays what the ideal teen should be and they are sending the message that girls should be provocative and sexy, that to feel good they should make every effort to catch the attention of boys, and the most popular with the boys are the best. After watching the video, I watched TV and took notice more of the present advertisements that targeted teens, and I was appalled at how blatantly sexual the messages are. I strongly feel that something should be done about this advertisements, and that parents and the school should take a more active role in the lives of teens beyond the home and the classroom. Upon completing the readings for chapter 3, I think I have a better understanding of how teens develop their self-concept and their identities. Erikson calls this identity crisis, which refers to the phase that any adolescent undergoes to establish his/her identity and this is a process wherein other people’s perception are the most influential. A number of theorists have explained this phase and have come up with varied explanations ranging from the biological to the psychological and even to the idea of generational differences. What I have learned is that an individual is affected by society and that society affects the individual in a number of ways. Â  

Free Essays on Just Lather Thats All

Have you ever heard it said that if you’ve read the book the movie would be a disappointment? Such is the case of Just Lather, That’s All. The written version is from the barber’s point of view. The description of Torres by the barber enables you to see him as the barber sees him. Captain Torres is an executioner who deserves to die but not by his hand. You clearly understand the inner conflict with which the barber struggles. As he shaves him he describes his feelings for this man and his dilemma as to kill him or not. You can sense his frustration with his hatred for the Captain and his values for human life. As for Captain Torres’s feelings, there is no clear indication of what they are. He is a murderer, but how does he feel about his actions? The movie gives you a completely different point of view. The captain does all the talking. The more he speaks the more you know him. When he talks about the things he has done it is as if he enjoyed them. The ba rber says very little and we have no real way of knowing what he is thinking. He appears nervous and fearful. The flashbacks used do give you some insight but not nearly as much as the written version. Torres dialogue in the movie is taunting, as though he is hoping for a reaction from the barber. In both the written version and movie the barber does not display any reaction to Torres. He is calm and goes about his task as he normally would. I enjoyed the written version rather than the movie. The barber’s point of view gives you a more detailed image of the setting. You can almost feel the heat of the day, the texture of Torres’s beard, and the smell of the soap. You cannot get a real sense of the mood from the movie. The imagery and symbolism used by Tellez gives you a clearer image of the atmosphere in the barbershop than the simple background music used in the movie. I felt I gained more information from the written version. Throughout the story I was never sure if th... Free Essays on Just Lather Thats All Free Essays on Just Lather Thats All Have you ever heard it said that if you’ve read the book the movie would be a disappointment? Such is the case of Just Lather, That’s All. The written version is from the barber’s point of view. The description of Torres by the barber enables you to see him as the barber sees him. Captain Torres is an executioner who deserves to die but not by his hand. You clearly understand the inner conflict with which the barber struggles. As he shaves him he describes his feelings for this man and his dilemma as to kill him or not. You can sense his frustration with his hatred for the Captain and his values for human life. As for Captain Torres’s feelings, there is no clear indication of what they are. He is a murderer, but how does he feel about his actions? The movie gives you a completely different point of view. The captain does all the talking. The more he speaks the more you know him. When he talks about the things he has done it is as if he enjoyed them. The ba rber says very little and we have no real way of knowing what he is thinking. He appears nervous and fearful. The flashbacks used do give you some insight but not nearly as much as the written version. Torres dialogue in the movie is taunting, as though he is hoping for a reaction from the barber. In both the written version and movie the barber does not display any reaction to Torres. He is calm and goes about his task as he normally would. I enjoyed the written version rather than the movie. The barber’s point of view gives you a more detailed image of the setting. You can almost feel the heat of the day, the texture of Torres’s beard, and the smell of the soap. You cannot get a real sense of the mood from the movie. The imagery and symbolism used by Tellez gives you a clearer image of the atmosphere in the barbershop than the simple background music used in the movie. I felt I gained more information from the written version. Throughout the story I was never sure if th...

German Unification

German Unification German UnificationIn 1862, Bismarck became the Prussian chancellor, and he had huge plans for his country in the years to come. He intended to with unite Germany under Prussian rule. Bismarck thought that he could achieve these goals by controlling the people and making them believe in the same thing he did. Bismarck thought if he made the lower class believe in his thoughts and get them to vote his way he could use this against the liberals and Austria. He also believed that if he could get leaders of other countries to believe his ways this would play as a key part of obtaining his goal of German unification.Bismarck knew that to achieve his goal he was going to have to get the people on his side and stop other countries from fighting against him. He also knew there had to be war to reach his goal, but using his own army would make it look like he was trying to gain to much power.Preussischer MinisterprsidentBy the beginning of the 19th century in Prussia, the monarchy was already on shaky ground. Revolution had spread throughout europe, in economics, politics and thought. The philosophy of the enlightenment had questioned the rules and beliefs of the Christian church in Europe and the hierarchical feudal system in which wealth and political power rested with royalty and the nobility. The right of European kings and queens to govern with absolute power was questioned through passionate discussion of concepts such as human rights, liberty and the law. In England, monarchs had abandoned divine rule 300 years previously. Through the American War of Independence, it was declared that every man's had the right to "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" and that "whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it was the right of the people to alter or abolish...

Mussolini and Matteotti Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mussolini and Matteotti Crisis - Essay Example He was executed on April 28, 1945 in Milan, Italy when economic depression and military failures in World War II led to his ousting and subsequent persecution. (Benito Mussolini, 2003; Benito Mussolini, 2007; Benito Mussolini) Mussolini began his political career when he became editor to Milan socialist paper "Avanti!" in 1911. A gifted orator and writer, Mussolini was brought to the notice of the socialist movement when he was arrested and imprisoned for leading demonstrators protesting the attack by the Italians on Libya. Under socialist concepts, war was merely a way for the rich to get richer at the expense of the common worker. Under his editorship, the newspaper gained popularity. (Benito Mussolini, 2007) Five months into World War I, however, Mussolini had a change of attitude, regarding war as an opportunity, and for this the socialist party expelled him. In August 1915, Mussolini answered his country's call to arms. In 1917, a mortar bomb signalled his discharge from the army with the rank of corporal. (Benito Mussolini, 2007) Mussolini developed a political ideology to tie in support of his group, later to be known as Fascism because he named the group Fasci di Combattimento or League for Combat. He was not the first to use the word fasci but his party was the most identified with it. (Rise of Mussolini: to 1922, 2006) World War I threw Italy into an economic crisis and the country was in turmoil. In response, Mussolini formed the National Fascist Party in 1919 and people looked to him to bring order into chaos. He formed the Black Shirt militia, officially the squadre d'azione but popularly described as armed thugs that used violence against all who opposed the Fascist party with special preference for socialist, communists and democrats, and little opposition from authorities. (Rise of Mussolini: to 1922, 2006) In 1921, Mussolini and 35 other fellow Fascists became members of the Italian Chamber of Deputies. (Benito Mussolini, 2003) This was partly due to a coalition Mussolini forged with then Prime Mi nister Gioletti, who sought to restore authority over the Italian citizenry, which he promptly broke as soon as he gained membership. (Rise of fascism in Italy under Mussolini, 2007) The Pacification Pact between Mussolini and the socialists in Parliament was an attempt to forge an alliance, but this was strongly opposed by the radical members of the Party, the squadristi, especially by their leaders, the ras. Attempts to disband the squadristi failed and the pact was dissolved. (March on Rome, 2007) The March on Rome and Military Loyalty The ruling Leftist party initiated a general strike against the Fascists in August 1922, and Mussolini saw his opportunity for his party to grab power. Mussolini counted on the indecisiveness of the Italian government under Prime Minister Luigi Facta and the growing discontent of the citizenry to hedge his gamble. He threatened a march to Rome of 40,000 strong Black Shirts, ostensibly as an intervention necessary to uphold a weak government as solidified by its failure to the secure the Italian-speaking town of Fiume as due recognition for the contributions of Italy to World

Canterbury Television ( CTV ) building in Christchurch Assignment

Canterbury Television ( CTV ) building in Christchurch - Assignment Example However, none of these earthquakes has caused havoc and loss of lives as did the earthquake of 6.3 on Richer that hit Christchurch on 22 February 2011. This aftershock reportedly claimed 184 lives in the city. However, CTV building was the most affected, something that raised many questions from structural engineers and the public at large. This is because CTV was the only building that collapsed from the earthquake, claiming 115 lives of the 184 people who perished in the entire Christchurch. The collapse of the building has been blamed on human error associated with poor design and construction. Several key-role players and stakeholders have been associated with the incident and its consequences, which this paper seeks to examine. In addition, the paper will analyze the management and organizational factors that might have been associated with the incident. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 The key role-players 4 The key stakeholders 7 Management and organization al factors associated with the incident 9 Conclusion 10 Recommendations 10 References 10 Introduction New Zealand is one of the European countries that are very prone to earthquakes. Seismologist attributes this to its proximity to seismic zone. Associated Press (2012) reveals that very powerful earthquakes have hit the country several times in the recent past. ... This is because CTV was the only building that collapsed from the earthquake, claiming 115 lives of the 184 people who perished in the entire Christchurch, according to Associated Press (2012). The commission formed to investigate the matter found out that the building might have collapsed due to poor design and construction. The commission also identified several key role-players and stakeholders that this paper seeks to examine. In addition, the paper will provide an analysis and evaluation of the key management and organizational factors linked to the incident, prior, during, and after the incident. The key role-players Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority (2012) report claimed that showed that the CTV building incident on 22 February 2011 was extraordinary. This is after findings showed that the building collapsed from the earthquake due to human error. As earlier stated, an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 hit Christchurch on this fateful day killing 184 people most of whom peris hed from the collapsed CTV building, where 115 people reportedly perished. According to the royal commission report, CTV building collapsed due to poor design and construction. As a result, David Harding, the architect who designed the building becomes the first key-role player to blame for the collapse. Write and Greenhill (2012) reveals that the building did not meet the 1986 building standards when it was constructed. The investigation revealed several structural weaknesses in the design that caused the building to collapse upon being subjected to tension. Vervaeck and Daniell (2012) noted that the CTV building had poorly designed joints between beams and columns. This made the

Jihadism constituted a radical break from earlier traditions of Essay

Jihadism constituted a radical break from earlier traditions of Islamism - Essay Example Jihad has a very long history in Islamic world and it started since it was allowed under the basic tenets of Islam. This was done in order to allow Prophet (PBUH) so that the religion can be spread and the power and strength of Islam as a religion and Muslims as a community can be established. In order to understand the concepts of Jihad as outlined in the Islam and as they are being practiced now, it is really critical to understand the overall concept of Jihad and how it has been outlined by the Islam in it original principles. Further, it is also critical to explore as to how the Jihad is being conceived and practiced now and whether there is a drift from the earlier established principles or not. It has been argued that the Jihad as it is practiced now is a complete shift from the earlier traditions of Islam and is now believed to be practiced in a manner which marks a complete shift from the same. Whether this is the case or not or whether Jihad is exactly practiced the way earl ier traditions outlined is the topic which this paper will attempt to explore and discuss. The literal meaning of the word Jihad in Arabic is struggle and is a noun in Arabic language. The word Jihad has appeared in the Quran for more than 40 times however, indirect references to the metaphysical meanings of the word have also been made in Quran on various occasions. Quranic interpretation of Jihad therefore indicates a struggle in the way of Allah and is considered as one of the important religious duties for the Muslims. There are various instances in Muslim history in which Prophet (PBUH) has considered doing Jihad under different conditions. The overall importance which has been attached to it is because it is not only mentioned in Quran but it was also practiced by the Prophet (PBUH) himself. (Burgat & Dowell, 1993) There are various instances in the Islamic history wherein Prophet (PBUH) has specifically mentioned that the greater Jihad is the struggle against one’s own desires. Based on this, Jihad is therefore often divided into two categories i.e. lesser Jihad and greater Jihad or Jihad e Akbar. Greater Jihad is often referred to the notion where a pious Muslim has to strive against his wishes and ego and make a complete surrender to the Will of Allah. Such surrendering to the will of Allah and renunciation of the worldly wishes is therefore given a greater significance in Islam as compared to the waging a lesser Jihad in the way of Allah. It is also argued that Jihad has also been named as a process to bring a balance between Islam, faith and righteous living. This so called spiritual struggle is still considered as one of the fundamental aspects of defining the Jihad and its right context. This concept is relatively more critically in order to accurately trace down the differences between the Jihad as described in the earlier traditions of Islam and how it is being practiced now. The visible differences between the approach of the moderate Mu slims and more fundamentalist Muslims towards the interpretation of Jihad and its actual place in ordinary Muslim Life is one of the fundamental arguments which need to be discussed further. Jihad is often used within three different contexts i.e. jihad or struggle to correct oneself and fight with oneself in order to correct the faith of an individual, Jihad in order to improve the Muslim society and Jihad as a holy war. It is this third concept of jihad as a holy war which has attracted much of the significance and importance over the period of time because of its direct and indirect influences on the other communities i.e. non- Muslims. The original concept of Jihad and its allowing in Quran is often considered as the time

Four Theoretical Approaches to Metaphysics Essay Example for Free

Four Theoretical Approaches to Metaphysics Essay There are four theoretical approaches to the metaphysics and they include Dualism and the theory that what exists on can do so on two levels the physical or the mental. The next approach is Materialism which theorizes that everything exists on a physical level. Then there is the Idealism approach which states that everything that exists is mental or spiritual. Finally, there is Alternative Views which theorizes that what exists in neither mental nor spiritual but believed that what exists is both, which means that what exists is neutral. In the Materialism theory of metaphysics it is said that everything is made of some kind of structure that are now called atoms. These atoms are governed entirely by physical laws and are thought to make up everything that we know and see. There were and are still many men in the scientific community that feel this way, but the most pronounced one was named Thomas Hobbes. Hobbes implied â€Å"clearly that all things are made of material particles and that all change reduces to motion. † (cite) His theory states that everything is matter in motion to include an individual’s thought process. Hobbes goes into detail about how this process works and called it perception or sense. His way of describing it is the fact that things have different properties and that the properties do not really exist. The properties of an object are based on what we perceive them to be. We perceive a rose to be beautiful, smell nice, and have red pedals. Those properties according to Hobbes are all based on perception and the rose does not actually have any of these traits. â€Å"The things that really are in the world outside us are those motions by which these seemings are caused. † (cite) Hobbes describes perception as motion from the outside effects the motion of the inside of a person. The motion on the outside affected the motion on the inside and leaves a lasting effect after the motion is complete or dispersed then the motion that remains behind on the inside is left as a memory. The motion that is still on the inside is a perception and in turn is the root cause for thinking, imagination, and memory. As humans we describe this reaction by assigning words to these perceptions and Hobbes labeled that as reasoning. The way that people reason is nothing sort of â€Å"adding and subtracting of the consequences of general names. † (cite) The easiest way that this can be explained would be to refer it to a computer. The hard drive is considered as the movement on the inside and the keyboard and mouse as the outside. The hard drive is made up of a disk and magnet and works by taking the disc and spinning is around at a rapid pace. Next the magnet is moved around to encode the data to the hard drive. This whole process is done through movement and if stationary there is nothing that can be done to retrieve or store information. First to store or retrieve information an external source of movement needs to happen. Movement from the outside was represented as a keyboard and mouse. The keyboard and mouse which is movement from the outside affects the hard drive which is the movement from the inside and vice versa. Now that movement has been represented the reasoning of information needs to be considered. Now we understand what movement effect movement means we can now address the fact of reasoning and perception. All of the information that the computer takes in needs to go somewhere and needs to be retrieved again. The computer makes sense of all the data by assigning numbers to all of the data so that it can be retrieved again. This aspect would be considered our perception which is reasoning which as Hobbes stated before is our thinking, memory, and imagination. Now some people would argue that Hobbes theory does not take into accounts decision making and other voluntary actions, but he does go into detail about how that process works. Hobbes addresses the finer points of the decision process by stating that every decision or movement starts of as an â€Å"endeavor† which was caused by perception. He then breaks it down even into two groups consisting of desire and aversion. When the endeavor is toward something then it is considered a desire and when it is away it is considered an aversion. We associate desire and aversion with words like love and hate or good and bad. So according to Hobbes the basic principle of our decision making is like a magnet. Let’s look at the magnet that is in the computer and affects the hard drive. Sometimes data can be corrupted and the information will not take to the hard drive. The process of corrupt data being entered from the outside can be considered as an aversion. Now any information that the system lets in can be considers as desire. If that did not make sense then lets look at a magnet in general. A magnet has a positive and a negative side. Anything that is attracted to the positive side can be considered a desire and anything that is repelled by the negative side can be considered an aversion. In the recent years there has been some advancements in technology that allows us to uncover the mysteries of the universe. Scientists have found matter that is smaller than atoms and they are calling them subatomic particles. It has been discovered that these particles make up every aspect of the universe and are comprised of some type of energy that is connected with everything else. After this discovery a lot of scientists are rattled about their theory and if Materialism is really the right type of metaphysical theory to go with. However, this does not completely rule this theory out it just seems like that needs to some changes or tweaks to the way that we think about Materialism.

The Call Of Jack London Essay -- essays research papers

The Call Of Jack London   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During a time when man had gold fever, and philosophical views plagued the minds of many, one man took these views and turned them into great outdoor adventures. John â€Å"Jack† Griffith London, a twentieth century author, wrote The Call of the Wild, other novels, and short stories that depict the philosophical views of the time and added adventure to them by using his own life experiences that carried thousands of men including himself to the Klondike in search of gold.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Winter 1876 San Francisco John and Flora London shared the joy of childbirth in the celebration of their only child together. They named the baby boy John Griffith London, or Jack for short. He became the twelfth child of his father, for through his first marriage he had eleven children. Jack London’s family was stricken by poverty. His father had many trades, however worked mainly in truck gardening(McCracken 370). After Jack’s graduation from grammar school, which he attended in Oakland, Jack read many novels, mainly ones about romance, travel, and adventure. He took many odd jobs to make ends meet(Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack had ambitions for a life at sea. At age fifteen Jack London bought a boat of his own, called Razzle Dazzle. He became an oyster pirate, sailing the San Francisco Bay robbing oyster beds and becoming a heavy drinker. Jack had many hard times. He spent some time as a hobo and spent some time in prison. At the age of nineteen he entered high school. Hard work enabled him the privilege of attending The University of California at Berkley. Less than a year passed and he gave up school to try and support his family and persue a writing career. He did not sell any of his work(Kunitz and Haycraft 844).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He joined the gold rush to the Klondike in the summer of 1897. The group stopped along the Yukon near about the Stewert River for winter. London became vary ill with Scurvy and was forced south for survival. Upon his re entry to San Francisco Jack learned of his fathers death. He could not find work of any kind, so once again he tried his hand at writing. His first writing, a story about life on the Yukon, was accepted by a magazine called Overlan... ...ty. This is illustrated in a quote from the book, â€Å"His cunning was wolf cunning...his intelligence, shepherd intelligence and St. Bernard intelligence.†(London) â€Å"London’s unusual subject allows him to see virtues in return to an aboriginal state that could not be found if humans were the subject.†(Magill 1148) He also uses the literary element of contrast to bring effect to his novel. For instance when â€Å"Buck is at his most savage he is also most completely fulfilling his potential utulizing his brain, muscles, and heart to the utmost.†(Magill 1148)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack London had a life full of ups and downs . He used ideas of philosophy that affected the world to inspire all of his writings as well as the ideas of his own experiences and of the great adventures celebrated in the age of time. He used ideas of Charles Darwin, racial hierarchy, and the American Credo of success to inspire his writings. Once he tried to make it to Alaska himself, so he was able to use some of what he experienced to add realistic adventure to his stories. All elements of his life and his era helped make him one of the greatest adventure writers of the generations.

America’s Love for Marijuana Essay

In this paper I will be analyzing the various aspects of American culture in terms of drug use and abuse particularly marijuana, such as legislation, the media’s relationship to drug use, drug use and advertising. I have chosen to discuss the time period spanning from 1950-2000. According to the research, marijuana is the most used drug in the U.S. besides tobacco. Marijuana gives people the feeling they like and want but when it is used too much they have to use more of it to get the high in which they desire. It affects your brain by making the THC disrupt the nerve cells in the part of the brain where memories are formed. This makes it harder for the user to recall events and makes it harder to learn. Marijuana is addictive to some people. About 100,000 people seek treatment for marijuana use each year. Marijuana is usually smoked as a cigarette (called a joint or a nail) or in a pipe or a bong. Teens are the reason that drugs are a problem in the U.S. about one in six 10th graders report that they are current marijuana users. Fewer than one in five high school seniors are current users. Some people who use this drug feel nothing but some feel relaxed and high. After smoking it users may get a sudden quenching for a drink and get very hungry. This is called the munchies. Short Term effects of marijuana include memory problems and learning problems, distorted perception, trouble when thinking and problem solving, loss of coordination, increased heart rate, anxiety, and panic attacks. THC can damage cell tissues in you immune system causing users to be more open to diseases. To be able to tell if someone is high they may be dizzy and have trouble walking, be silly and giggly for no reason, bloodshot eyes and have a hard time remembering things. These effects usually end in a few hours and the user gets very sleepy. According to a survey published in  2009 by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), there were 16.7 million Americans (or 6.6%) who used Marijuana in the past month. 7. The speed at which Marijuana leaves your body depends on several factors including the speed of your metabolism, the potency of the THC, and the amount of Marijuana you smoke. Most commonly, traces of Marijuana can stay in your saliva for up to 3 days, urine for up to 30 days, and your hair for up to 90 days. There are over 200 slang terms for Marijuana in the popular vernacular. Some of more popular names include: Pot, herb, weed, grass, widow, boom, ganja, hash, Mary Jane, Cannabis, bubble gum, northern lights, fruity juice, gangster, skunk and chronic. Marijuana can impair driving motor skills. The drug significantly affects judgment and concentration. It also affects perception and slower eye adjustment to change in light. MAJOR EVENTS AND REFORMS REGARDING DRUG POLICIES 1950-2000 July 18, 1956 – Narcotics Control Act of 1956: The acts made a first time cannabis possession offense a minimum of two to ten years with a fine up to $20,000; however, in 1970, the United States Congress repealed mandatory penalties for cannabis offenses. 1961 – Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs: The principal objectives of the Convention are to limit the possession, use, trade in, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes and to address drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers. 1968 – Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs formed (BNDD): The BNDD was a predecessor agency of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). It was formed as a subsidiary of the United States Department of Justice, combining the Bureau of Narcotics (from the United States Department of the Treasury) and Bureau of Drug Abuse Control (from the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare’s Food and Drug Administration) into one agency. By 1971 the BNDD was composed of 1,500 agents and had a budget of some $43 million (which was more than fourteen times the size of the budget of the former Bureau of Narcotics) 1970 – Controlled Substances Act: Law enacted that regulates the prescribing and dispensing of psychoactive drugs, including stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens. The act lists five categories of restricted drugs, organized  by their medical acceptance, abuse potential, and ability to produce dependence. The law classified cannabis as having high potential for abuse, no medical use, and not safe to use under medical supervision. 1973 – Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is formed: The DEA is tasked with combating drug smuggling and use within the U.S. Not only is the DEA the lead agency for domestic enforcement of the drug policy of the United States (sharing concurrent jurisdiction with the Federal Bureau of Investigation), it also has sole responsibility for coordinating and pursuing U.S. drug investigations abroad. November 5, 1996 – California Proposition 215, also known as the Compassionate Use Act of 1996, was passed. Act in California legalized the medicinal use of marijuana. May 14, 2001 – United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers’ Coop: United States Supreme Court ruled that federal anti-drug laws do not permit an exception for medical cannabis and rejected the common-law medical necessity defense to crimes enacted under the Controlled Substances Act because Congress concluded cannabis has â€Å"no currently accepted medical use† when the act was passed in 1970. 2005 – Gonzales v. Raich (previously Ashcroft v. Raich), 545 U.S. 1: United States Supreme Court ruled that the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution allowed the federal government to ban the use of cannabis, including medical use. The court found the federal law valid, although the cannabis in question had been grown and consumed within a single state, and had never entered interstate commerce. Congress may ban the use of cannabis even where states approve its use for medicinal purposes. MARIJUANA AS MEDIA’S DARLING The Chicago City Council approved a measure on Wednesday that would allow police officers to ticket people found with small amounts of marijuana instead of arresting them. Members voted 43 to 3 in favor of the ordinance, under which anyone possessing 15 grams of marijuana faces a fine of $250 to $500. Mayor Rahm Emanuel and Police Superintendent Garry McCarthy support the measure, and a marked jump in Chicago’s homicide rate this year may have given the proposal more steam. Several aldermen said the new law would allow the police to spend more time on street patrols and less on processing people for the minor offense of possessing small amounts of marijuana. Alderman Danny Solis, who sponsored the measure, estimated the city would  receive $7 million a year in revenue. Commissioner Raymond Kelly of the New York Police Department issued a memorandum in September ordering officers to follow a 1977 state law that bars them from arresting people with small amounts of marijuana, unless the drug is publicly displayed. Yet a lawsuit filed in state court in late June charges that the police were still arresting people illegally in clear violation of both the law and the memo as recently as May. State data show that the number of marijuana arrests declined in the months after the directive was issued but began climbing again this spring. The Legislature passed the 1977 decriminalization law to allow prosecutors to focus on serious crime and to stop police from jailing young people for tiny amounts of marijuana. It made possession of 25 grams or less of marijuana a violation punishable by a $100 fine for the first offense. To discourage public smoking of the drug, lawmakers made public display a misdemeanor punishable by up to three months in jail and a $500 fine. The number of arrests in the city for minor possession declined after the law was passed but shot up from less than 1,000 in 1990 to 50,000 in 2011. And, of the nearly 12,000 16-to-19-year-olds arrested last year, almost 94 percent had no prior convictions and nearly half had never before been arrested. More than 80 percent of those arrested were black and Hispanic young people. EXPENSIVE DRUG WAR â€Å"LET’S LEGALIZE MARIJUANA† A few claims that by legalizing Marijuana mean we can treat the problem of drug abuse as a medical problem not a criminal one. It is estimated that the United States government spends $10 billion dollars a year in its attempts to keep Marijuana off the street, while the State of California has revenue of 14 billion annually for the production of its legalized medicinal Marijuana. If Marijuana is legalized The U.S. can tax the revenues and will have additional fund that can be used for awareness of the drugs affects and treatment. During the prohibition of alcohol during the 1920’s the Mafia could produce alcohol and had a considerable control over others who wanted it. The role that the Mafia played in the 1920’s has transformed into the corner drug dealers and drug cartel of the 1990’s. Legalization will result in a decrease in deaths and violence due to the unregulated black-market trade or Marijuana. 1 out of 6 people in jail are in for non-violent drug offens es. Prisons are overcrowded and it is very costly to keep people in  prison. Legalizing Marijuana would make room for more violent offenders. Marijuana is not more dangerous than alcohol Unlike Alcohol and prescription drugs; Marijuana is not lethal by overdosing. A study in 2009 by U.S. Department of Health and Human Studies published that 69.7 million Americans are current users of tobacco products, 15 million Americans abuse alcohol, and only 4.2 million Americans abuse Marijuana. Everyday 1,000 people die from smoking related illnesses, 550 die from alcohol related accidents and diseases, and less than 20 die of drug related causes. Legalization may not cause a spike in use as critics acclaim. American adolescents use Marijuana twice as much as their counter parts in Holland where Marijuana is legal. IMMEDIATE/PREGNENCY AND LONG TERM EFFECTS OF MARIJUANA Immediate Effects of Marijuana: The immediate effect of marijuana includes loss of restlessness, excitement, hallucinations, paranoia, psychotic episodes, impaired coordination, impaired motor ability, mood swing, and increased appetite impaired ability. Long Term Effects of Marijuana: It includes the loss of brain cells, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, energy loss, slow confused thinking apathy and blood vessel blockage. Use by adolescents can disrupt emotional development, delay puberty, and can delay the monthly cycle in females. Marijuana may produce a mild physical dependence that causes minor withdrawal symptoms when discontinued, including nausea, insomnia, irritability, and anxiety. Physical effects of marijuana include diarrhea, cramps, weight loss or gain, impaired sex drive, and it is a gateway drug. Marijuana can be a gateway drug, which means it can lead to the use of many other harmful drugs–Children ages 12-17 are 85 times more likely to use cocaine Marijuana has also been linked with teen violence, suicide, crime, and unsafe sex-HIV transmission. Legalization of marijuana would not cut down on all crime; alcohol still causes family disputes, rape, robbery, reckless driving, and murder. Effects during Pregnancy: Research has shown that babies born to women who used marijuana during their pregnancies display altered responses to visual stimuli and increased tremulousness which may indicate problems with neurological development. Marijuana exposed children have also been found to have more behavioral problems and to perform tasks of visual perception, language comprehension, sustained attention, and memory poorly. In school, these  children are more likely to exhibit deficits in decision-making skills, memory, and the ability to remain attentive. Drugs are a major debate it the world we live in today. Drugs are gaining more and more attention. More and more people are using drugs than ever before and there is no decrease in the amount of drug users. One of the most commonly used drugs is marijuana. In today’s world marijuana is growing and is looking to be legalized in California for medical uses only but that will lead to many other problems in the near future. MEDICINAL USE OF MARIJUANA A big issue being raised in California is the legalization of marijuana for medical purposes only. The old laws would still be in effect. If you were found using it you would have to have your medical doctor’s prescription for it to get free from jail or a fine. Still, a cop could bust you for growing it and cuff you because they don’t know that your doctor prescribed it for you. This law is a state law and is called Proposition 215. This law has been turned down for the last two years. This year all the old laws that have been turned down have been put together to make a great law. This law actually passed November 5, 1996. Marijuana aids in the treatment of cancer, anorexia, chronic pain, spasticity, glaucoma, arthritis, migraine, or any other illness for which marijuana provides relief. The American Cancer society says NO to marijuana because it is not a substitute for appropriate anti-nausea drugs for cancer chemotherapy and vomiting. We see no reason to support the legalization of marijuana for medical use. Smoking marijuana is also not approved by the FDA for any illness. These corporations both say that they what a different drug to do the same thing but developing it will take an estimated 4 billion dollars. People what to know why some other drugs can be used like morphine but marijuana can’t. In conclusion, I strongly oppose the illegal use of marijuana and I believe that it’s wrong to smoke it or use it in any way, shape, or form. We only have one body and we should make the most of it and not mess it up by infesting our bodies with impurities that will affect us as we aged. To me doing any kind of drugs is criminal and a waste of time. I want to live my life without any worries of medical problems. Any kind of drug that is illegal is bad for your health but if recommended by a doctor does it make them any better.  Drugs will always be around in my opinion. The government can’t demolish drugs or marijuana but they can try to educate children while they are younger to tell them that drugs are bad and should not be taken. With the passing of this law marijuana will become legal in California. Other states can adopt this law if they would like. Education is the key to the end of drugs and the beginning of a new era. Just say NO. RESOURCES Lynskey, M. T. (2003). â€Å"Escalation of Drug Use in Early-Onset Cannabis Users vs Co-twin Controls†. JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association 289 (4): 427–33. DOI:10.1001/jama.289.4.427. Lay summary – National Institute on Drug Abuse (November 2003). Lynskey, Michael T.; Vink, Jacqueline M.; Boomsma, Dorret I. (2006). â€Å"Early Onset Cannabis Use and Progression to other Drug Use in a Sample of Dutch Twins†. Behavior Genetics 36 (2): 195–200. DOI:10.1007/s10519-005-9023-x. PMID 16402286. Degenhardt, Louisa; Coffey, Carolyn; Carlin, John B.; Moran, Paul; Patton, George C. (2007). â€Å"Who are the new amphetamine users? A 10-year prospective study of young Australians†. Addiction 102 (8): 1269–79. DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01906.x. PMID 17624977. ABC News Australia: Cannabis linked to use of amphetamines, 2007-07-18 Agrawal, Arpana; Neale, Michael C.; Prescott, Carol A.; Kendler, Kenneth S. (2004). â€Å"A twin stu dy of early cannabis use and subsequent use and abuse/dependence of other illicit drugs†. Psychological Medicine 34 (7): 1227–37. DOI:10.1017/S0033291704002545. PMID 15697049. Ellgren, Maria: Neurobiological effects of early life cannabis exposure in relation to the gateway hypothesis. Ellgren, Maria; Spano, Sabrina M; Hurd, Yasmin L (2006). NYPD Organized Crime Control Bureau database manual. (marijuana statistics and current use).

E Commerce and Business Start Up

E commerce and Business Start up Throughout the evaluation process of a potential new idea and in the development of new marketing strategy E-Commerce needs to be continually assessed. E-Commerce offers the entrepreneur the opportunity to be very creative and innovative; its importance is indicated in the continually increasing amount of both business to business and business to costumer e-commerce sales. It increase on the annual basis, according to com Score Networks, total Internet business reached to $214. 4 billion in 2008, an increase of 7% in internet business as compared to 2007. The $214. Billion was composed of $130. 1 billion Non travel spending and 84. 3 billion Dollars travel spending. Video games, consoles and accessories together was the fastest growing categories constituted of 29%, sport and fitness items 29%, event tickets, 13%, consumer electronics 9%, apparel and accessories 4% and travel spending increase by 7% as compared to 2007 over 2008. Factors that facilita ted the growth of e-commerce are wide spread use of PC’s, the adoption of intranet in companies, the acceptance of internet as the business communications platform and faster and more secure systems.Numerous benefits such as Access to broader customer base, lower info dissemination cost which expand the volume of E commerce. Using E-commerce Creatively: E-commerce is mostly use by most corporations to increase their marketing and sale channels. The internet is especially for small and medium size companies as it enables them to minimize the marketing costs while reaching broader markets. An entrepreneur starting an E commerce venture needs to address the same strategic and tactical questions as any other entrepreneur, but some new specific issues are faced because introduction of new technology used in E-commerce.An entrepreneur should decide whether should do in house or out sourcing for an inter business. In case of in house operations there are computer servers; hardware, software as well as support services are included. And in case of outsourcing entrepreneur can hire web developers to design the company’s web pages and upload them on the internet through ISP. In this case the entrepreneur main task is to regularly update the information on the web pages; another option is that to purchase the software from the local market. The correct decision b/w in-house or outsourcing depends on the size of the business.The 2 major components of internet business are Front end or Back end operations. Front end operations are the websites functions, search options, secure payments, shopping cart. The biggest mistake usually make by the companies is that they believe that the attractive website secure their business, which leads them to underestimating the back end operations. The integration of back end and front end operations represents the greatest challenge for doing internet business and at the same time provides an opportunity for developing a sust ained competitive advantage.Websites: Entrepreneurial firms mostly use websites, about 90% of small businesses today have operating websites, but majority of them are not capable of operating new websites. A good website should be easy to use. In developing a website one should keep in mind that; who is the audience? What are the objectives of the site? What do you want to costumers when they visit the site? In addressing these questions one should effectively organize the website. This requires that the material should be fresh and updated on regular basis.Another most important feature of the website is the search capability; it should be easy to find information about the products and services, which can be accomplished by advance search tools and subject browsing. Other functions that should be available are shopping cart, secure server connection, credit card payments and customer feedback. Speed is the characteristic of a successful website. Tracking costumer information: The motivation for tracking costumer information is to capture costumer attention; care must be taken in doing so to follow the laws protecting the privacy of individuals.Doing E-commerce as an Entrepreneurial Company: For online business one should take care of several factors; first the product should be delivered economically and conveniently. Fresh fruits and vegetables for individual consumers are not appropriate for long distance deliveries and online sales. Second the product should be interesting for larger no of people. Thirdly online operations should reduce the cost. And the 4th one that company can easily draw costumer to its website.