Jihadism constituted a radical break from earlier traditions of Essay

Jihadism constituted a radical break from earlier traditions of Islamism - Essay Example Jihad has a very long history in Islamic world and it started since it was allowed under the basic tenets of Islam. This was done in order to allow Prophet (PBUH) so that the religion can be spread and the power and strength of Islam as a religion and Muslims as a community can be established. In order to understand the concepts of Jihad as outlined in the Islam and as they are being practiced now, it is really critical to understand the overall concept of Jihad and how it has been outlined by the Islam in it original principles. Further, it is also critical to explore as to how the Jihad is being conceived and practiced now and whether there is a drift from the earlier established principles or not. It has been argued that the Jihad as it is practiced now is a complete shift from the earlier traditions of Islam and is now believed to be practiced in a manner which marks a complete shift from the same. Whether this is the case or not or whether Jihad is exactly practiced the way earl ier traditions outlined is the topic which this paper will attempt to explore and discuss. The literal meaning of the word Jihad in Arabic is struggle and is a noun in Arabic language. The word Jihad has appeared in the Quran for more than 40 times however, indirect references to the metaphysical meanings of the word have also been made in Quran on various occasions. Quranic interpretation of Jihad therefore indicates a struggle in the way of Allah and is considered as one of the important religious duties for the Muslims. There are various instances in Muslim history in which Prophet (PBUH) has considered doing Jihad under different conditions. The overall importance which has been attached to it is because it is not only mentioned in Quran but it was also practiced by the Prophet (PBUH) himself. (Burgat & Dowell, 1993) There are various instances in the Islamic history wherein Prophet (PBUH) has specifically mentioned that the greater Jihad is the struggle against one’s own desires. Based on this, Jihad is therefore often divided into two categories i.e. lesser Jihad and greater Jihad or Jihad e Akbar. Greater Jihad is often referred to the notion where a pious Muslim has to strive against his wishes and ego and make a complete surrender to the Will of Allah. Such surrendering to the will of Allah and renunciation of the worldly wishes is therefore given a greater significance in Islam as compared to the waging a lesser Jihad in the way of Allah. It is also argued that Jihad has also been named as a process to bring a balance between Islam, faith and righteous living. This so called spiritual struggle is still considered as one of the fundamental aspects of defining the Jihad and its right context. This concept is relatively more critically in order to accurately trace down the differences between the Jihad as described in the earlier traditions of Islam and how it is being practiced now. The visible differences between the approach of the moderate Mu slims and more fundamentalist Muslims towards the interpretation of Jihad and its actual place in ordinary Muslim Life is one of the fundamental arguments which need to be discussed further. Jihad is often used within three different contexts i.e. jihad or struggle to correct oneself and fight with oneself in order to correct the faith of an individual, Jihad in order to improve the Muslim society and Jihad as a holy war. It is this third concept of jihad as a holy war which has attracted much of the significance and importance over the period of time because of its direct and indirect influences on the other communities i.e. non- Muslims. The original concept of Jihad and its allowing in Quran is often considered as the time

Four Theoretical Approaches to Metaphysics Essay Example for Free

Four Theoretical Approaches to Metaphysics Essay There are four theoretical approaches to the metaphysics and they include Dualism and the theory that what exists on can do so on two levels the physical or the mental. The next approach is Materialism which theorizes that everything exists on a physical level. Then there is the Idealism approach which states that everything that exists is mental or spiritual. Finally, there is Alternative Views which theorizes that what exists in neither mental nor spiritual but believed that what exists is both, which means that what exists is neutral. In the Materialism theory of metaphysics it is said that everything is made of some kind of structure that are now called atoms. These atoms are governed entirely by physical laws and are thought to make up everything that we know and see. There were and are still many men in the scientific community that feel this way, but the most pronounced one was named Thomas Hobbes. Hobbes implied â€Å"clearly that all things are made of material particles and that all change reduces to motion. † (cite) His theory states that everything is matter in motion to include an individual’s thought process. Hobbes goes into detail about how this process works and called it perception or sense. His way of describing it is the fact that things have different properties and that the properties do not really exist. The properties of an object are based on what we perceive them to be. We perceive a rose to be beautiful, smell nice, and have red pedals. Those properties according to Hobbes are all based on perception and the rose does not actually have any of these traits. â€Å"The things that really are in the world outside us are those motions by which these seemings are caused. † (cite) Hobbes describes perception as motion from the outside effects the motion of the inside of a person. The motion on the outside affected the motion on the inside and leaves a lasting effect after the motion is complete or dispersed then the motion that remains behind on the inside is left as a memory. The motion that is still on the inside is a perception and in turn is the root cause for thinking, imagination, and memory. As humans we describe this reaction by assigning words to these perceptions and Hobbes labeled that as reasoning. The way that people reason is nothing sort of â€Å"adding and subtracting of the consequences of general names. † (cite) The easiest way that this can be explained would be to refer it to a computer. The hard drive is considered as the movement on the inside and the keyboard and mouse as the outside. The hard drive is made up of a disk and magnet and works by taking the disc and spinning is around at a rapid pace. Next the magnet is moved around to encode the data to the hard drive. This whole process is done through movement and if stationary there is nothing that can be done to retrieve or store information. First to store or retrieve information an external source of movement needs to happen. Movement from the outside was represented as a keyboard and mouse. The keyboard and mouse which is movement from the outside affects the hard drive which is the movement from the inside and vice versa. Now that movement has been represented the reasoning of information needs to be considered. Now we understand what movement effect movement means we can now address the fact of reasoning and perception. All of the information that the computer takes in needs to go somewhere and needs to be retrieved again. The computer makes sense of all the data by assigning numbers to all of the data so that it can be retrieved again. This aspect would be considered our perception which is reasoning which as Hobbes stated before is our thinking, memory, and imagination. Now some people would argue that Hobbes theory does not take into accounts decision making and other voluntary actions, but he does go into detail about how that process works. Hobbes addresses the finer points of the decision process by stating that every decision or movement starts of as an â€Å"endeavor† which was caused by perception. He then breaks it down even into two groups consisting of desire and aversion. When the endeavor is toward something then it is considered a desire and when it is away it is considered an aversion. We associate desire and aversion with words like love and hate or good and bad. So according to Hobbes the basic principle of our decision making is like a magnet. Let’s look at the magnet that is in the computer and affects the hard drive. Sometimes data can be corrupted and the information will not take to the hard drive. The process of corrupt data being entered from the outside can be considered as an aversion. Now any information that the system lets in can be considers as desire. If that did not make sense then lets look at a magnet in general. A magnet has a positive and a negative side. Anything that is attracted to the positive side can be considered a desire and anything that is repelled by the negative side can be considered an aversion. In the recent years there has been some advancements in technology that allows us to uncover the mysteries of the universe. Scientists have found matter that is smaller than atoms and they are calling them subatomic particles. It has been discovered that these particles make up every aspect of the universe and are comprised of some type of energy that is connected with everything else. After this discovery a lot of scientists are rattled about their theory and if Materialism is really the right type of metaphysical theory to go with. However, this does not completely rule this theory out it just seems like that needs to some changes or tweaks to the way that we think about Materialism.

The Call Of Jack London Essay -- essays research papers

The Call Of Jack London   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During a time when man had gold fever, and philosophical views plagued the minds of many, one man took these views and turned them into great outdoor adventures. John â€Å"Jack† Griffith London, a twentieth century author, wrote The Call of the Wild, other novels, and short stories that depict the philosophical views of the time and added adventure to them by using his own life experiences that carried thousands of men including himself to the Klondike in search of gold.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Winter 1876 San Francisco John and Flora London shared the joy of childbirth in the celebration of their only child together. They named the baby boy John Griffith London, or Jack for short. He became the twelfth child of his father, for through his first marriage he had eleven children. Jack London’s family was stricken by poverty. His father had many trades, however worked mainly in truck gardening(McCracken 370). After Jack’s graduation from grammar school, which he attended in Oakland, Jack read many novels, mainly ones about romance, travel, and adventure. He took many odd jobs to make ends meet(Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack had ambitions for a life at sea. At age fifteen Jack London bought a boat of his own, called Razzle Dazzle. He became an oyster pirate, sailing the San Francisco Bay robbing oyster beds and becoming a heavy drinker. Jack had many hard times. He spent some time as a hobo and spent some time in prison. At the age of nineteen he entered high school. Hard work enabled him the privilege of attending The University of California at Berkley. Less than a year passed and he gave up school to try and support his family and persue a writing career. He did not sell any of his work(Kunitz and Haycraft 844).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He joined the gold rush to the Klondike in the summer of 1897. The group stopped along the Yukon near about the Stewert River for winter. London became vary ill with Scurvy and was forced south for survival. Upon his re entry to San Francisco Jack learned of his fathers death. He could not find work of any kind, so once again he tried his hand at writing. His first writing, a story about life on the Yukon, was accepted by a magazine called Overlan... ...ty. This is illustrated in a quote from the book, â€Å"His cunning was wolf cunning...his intelligence, shepherd intelligence and St. Bernard intelligence.†(London) â€Å"London’s unusual subject allows him to see virtues in return to an aboriginal state that could not be found if humans were the subject.†(Magill 1148) He also uses the literary element of contrast to bring effect to his novel. For instance when â€Å"Buck is at his most savage he is also most completely fulfilling his potential utulizing his brain, muscles, and heart to the utmost.†(Magill 1148)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack London had a life full of ups and downs . He used ideas of philosophy that affected the world to inspire all of his writings as well as the ideas of his own experiences and of the great adventures celebrated in the age of time. He used ideas of Charles Darwin, racial hierarchy, and the American Credo of success to inspire his writings. Once he tried to make it to Alaska himself, so he was able to use some of what he experienced to add realistic adventure to his stories. All elements of his life and his era helped make him one of the greatest adventure writers of the generations.

America’s Love for Marijuana Essay

In this paper I will be analyzing the various aspects of American culture in terms of drug use and abuse particularly marijuana, such as legislation, the media’s relationship to drug use, drug use and advertising. I have chosen to discuss the time period spanning from 1950-2000. According to the research, marijuana is the most used drug in the U.S. besides tobacco. Marijuana gives people the feeling they like and want but when it is used too much they have to use more of it to get the high in which they desire. It affects your brain by making the THC disrupt the nerve cells in the part of the brain where memories are formed. This makes it harder for the user to recall events and makes it harder to learn. Marijuana is addictive to some people. About 100,000 people seek treatment for marijuana use each year. Marijuana is usually smoked as a cigarette (called a joint or a nail) or in a pipe or a bong. Teens are the reason that drugs are a problem in the U.S. about one in six 10th graders report that they are current marijuana users. Fewer than one in five high school seniors are current users. Some people who use this drug feel nothing but some feel relaxed and high. After smoking it users may get a sudden quenching for a drink and get very hungry. This is called the munchies. Short Term effects of marijuana include memory problems and learning problems, distorted perception, trouble when thinking and problem solving, loss of coordination, increased heart rate, anxiety, and panic attacks. THC can damage cell tissues in you immune system causing users to be more open to diseases. To be able to tell if someone is high they may be dizzy and have trouble walking, be silly and giggly for no reason, bloodshot eyes and have a hard time remembering things. These effects usually end in a few hours and the user gets very sleepy. According to a survey published in  2009 by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), there were 16.7 million Americans (or 6.6%) who used Marijuana in the past month. 7. The speed at which Marijuana leaves your body depends on several factors including the speed of your metabolism, the potency of the THC, and the amount of Marijuana you smoke. Most commonly, traces of Marijuana can stay in your saliva for up to 3 days, urine for up to 30 days, and your hair for up to 90 days. There are over 200 slang terms for Marijuana in the popular vernacular. Some of more popular names include: Pot, herb, weed, grass, widow, boom, ganja, hash, Mary Jane, Cannabis, bubble gum, northern lights, fruity juice, gangster, skunk and chronic. Marijuana can impair driving motor skills. The drug significantly affects judgment and concentration. It also affects perception and slower eye adjustment to change in light. MAJOR EVENTS AND REFORMS REGARDING DRUG POLICIES 1950-2000 July 18, 1956 – Narcotics Control Act of 1956: The acts made a first time cannabis possession offense a minimum of two to ten years with a fine up to $20,000; however, in 1970, the United States Congress repealed mandatory penalties for cannabis offenses. 1961 – Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs: The principal objectives of the Convention are to limit the possession, use, trade in, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes and to address drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers. 1968 – Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs formed (BNDD): The BNDD was a predecessor agency of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). It was formed as a subsidiary of the United States Department of Justice, combining the Bureau of Narcotics (from the United States Department of the Treasury) and Bureau of Drug Abuse Control (from the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare’s Food and Drug Administration) into one agency. By 1971 the BNDD was composed of 1,500 agents and had a budget of some $43 million (which was more than fourteen times the size of the budget of the former Bureau of Narcotics) 1970 – Controlled Substances Act: Law enacted that regulates the prescribing and dispensing of psychoactive drugs, including stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens. The act lists five categories of restricted drugs, organized  by their medical acceptance, abuse potential, and ability to produce dependence. The law classified cannabis as having high potential for abuse, no medical use, and not safe to use under medical supervision. 1973 – Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is formed: The DEA is tasked with combating drug smuggling and use within the U.S. Not only is the DEA the lead agency for domestic enforcement of the drug policy of the United States (sharing concurrent jurisdiction with the Federal Bureau of Investigation), it also has sole responsibility for coordinating and pursuing U.S. drug investigations abroad. November 5, 1996 – California Proposition 215, also known as the Compassionate Use Act of 1996, was passed. Act in California legalized the medicinal use of marijuana. May 14, 2001 – United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers’ Coop: United States Supreme Court ruled that federal anti-drug laws do not permit an exception for medical cannabis and rejected the common-law medical necessity defense to crimes enacted under the Controlled Substances Act because Congress concluded cannabis has â€Å"no currently accepted medical use† when the act was passed in 1970. 2005 – Gonzales v. Raich (previously Ashcroft v. Raich), 545 U.S. 1: United States Supreme Court ruled that the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution allowed the federal government to ban the use of cannabis, including medical use. The court found the federal law valid, although the cannabis in question had been grown and consumed within a single state, and had never entered interstate commerce. Congress may ban the use of cannabis even where states approve its use for medicinal purposes. MARIJUANA AS MEDIA’S DARLING The Chicago City Council approved a measure on Wednesday that would allow police officers to ticket people found with small amounts of marijuana instead of arresting them. Members voted 43 to 3 in favor of the ordinance, under which anyone possessing 15 grams of marijuana faces a fine of $250 to $500. Mayor Rahm Emanuel and Police Superintendent Garry McCarthy support the measure, and a marked jump in Chicago’s homicide rate this year may have given the proposal more steam. Several aldermen said the new law would allow the police to spend more time on street patrols and less on processing people for the minor offense of possessing small amounts of marijuana. Alderman Danny Solis, who sponsored the measure, estimated the city would  receive $7 million a year in revenue. Commissioner Raymond Kelly of the New York Police Department issued a memorandum in September ordering officers to follow a 1977 state law that bars them from arresting people with small amounts of marijuana, unless the drug is publicly displayed. Yet a lawsuit filed in state court in late June charges that the police were still arresting people illegally in clear violation of both the law and the memo as recently as May. State data show that the number of marijuana arrests declined in the months after the directive was issued but began climbing again this spring. The Legislature passed the 1977 decriminalization law to allow prosecutors to focus on serious crime and to stop police from jailing young people for tiny amounts of marijuana. It made possession of 25 grams or less of marijuana a violation punishable by a $100 fine for the first offense. To discourage public smoking of the drug, lawmakers made public display a misdemeanor punishable by up to three months in jail and a $500 fine. The number of arrests in the city for minor possession declined after the law was passed but shot up from less than 1,000 in 1990 to 50,000 in 2011. And, of the nearly 12,000 16-to-19-year-olds arrested last year, almost 94 percent had no prior convictions and nearly half had never before been arrested. More than 80 percent of those arrested were black and Hispanic young people. EXPENSIVE DRUG WAR â€Å"LET’S LEGALIZE MARIJUANA† A few claims that by legalizing Marijuana mean we can treat the problem of drug abuse as a medical problem not a criminal one. It is estimated that the United States government spends $10 billion dollars a year in its attempts to keep Marijuana off the street, while the State of California has revenue of 14 billion annually for the production of its legalized medicinal Marijuana. If Marijuana is legalized The U.S. can tax the revenues and will have additional fund that can be used for awareness of the drugs affects and treatment. During the prohibition of alcohol during the 1920’s the Mafia could produce alcohol and had a considerable control over others who wanted it. The role that the Mafia played in the 1920’s has transformed into the corner drug dealers and drug cartel of the 1990’s. Legalization will result in a decrease in deaths and violence due to the unregulated black-market trade or Marijuana. 1 out of 6 people in jail are in for non-violent drug offens es. Prisons are overcrowded and it is very costly to keep people in  prison. Legalizing Marijuana would make room for more violent offenders. Marijuana is not more dangerous than alcohol Unlike Alcohol and prescription drugs; Marijuana is not lethal by overdosing. A study in 2009 by U.S. Department of Health and Human Studies published that 69.7 million Americans are current users of tobacco products, 15 million Americans abuse alcohol, and only 4.2 million Americans abuse Marijuana. Everyday 1,000 people die from smoking related illnesses, 550 die from alcohol related accidents and diseases, and less than 20 die of drug related causes. Legalization may not cause a spike in use as critics acclaim. American adolescents use Marijuana twice as much as their counter parts in Holland where Marijuana is legal. IMMEDIATE/PREGNENCY AND LONG TERM EFFECTS OF MARIJUANA Immediate Effects of Marijuana: The immediate effect of marijuana includes loss of restlessness, excitement, hallucinations, paranoia, psychotic episodes, impaired coordination, impaired motor ability, mood swing, and increased appetite impaired ability. Long Term Effects of Marijuana: It includes the loss of brain cells, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, energy loss, slow confused thinking apathy and blood vessel blockage. Use by adolescents can disrupt emotional development, delay puberty, and can delay the monthly cycle in females. Marijuana may produce a mild physical dependence that causes minor withdrawal symptoms when discontinued, including nausea, insomnia, irritability, and anxiety. Physical effects of marijuana include diarrhea, cramps, weight loss or gain, impaired sex drive, and it is a gateway drug. Marijuana can be a gateway drug, which means it can lead to the use of many other harmful drugs–Children ages 12-17 are 85 times more likely to use cocaine Marijuana has also been linked with teen violence, suicide, crime, and unsafe sex-HIV transmission. Legalization of marijuana would not cut down on all crime; alcohol still causes family disputes, rape, robbery, reckless driving, and murder. Effects during Pregnancy: Research has shown that babies born to women who used marijuana during their pregnancies display altered responses to visual stimuli and increased tremulousness which may indicate problems with neurological development. Marijuana exposed children have also been found to have more behavioral problems and to perform tasks of visual perception, language comprehension, sustained attention, and memory poorly. In school, these  children are more likely to exhibit deficits in decision-making skills, memory, and the ability to remain attentive. Drugs are a major debate it the world we live in today. Drugs are gaining more and more attention. More and more people are using drugs than ever before and there is no decrease in the amount of drug users. One of the most commonly used drugs is marijuana. In today’s world marijuana is growing and is looking to be legalized in California for medical uses only but that will lead to many other problems in the near future. MEDICINAL USE OF MARIJUANA A big issue being raised in California is the legalization of marijuana for medical purposes only. The old laws would still be in effect. If you were found using it you would have to have your medical doctor’s prescription for it to get free from jail or a fine. Still, a cop could bust you for growing it and cuff you because they don’t know that your doctor prescribed it for you. This law is a state law and is called Proposition 215. This law has been turned down for the last two years. This year all the old laws that have been turned down have been put together to make a great law. This law actually passed November 5, 1996. Marijuana aids in the treatment of cancer, anorexia, chronic pain, spasticity, glaucoma, arthritis, migraine, or any other illness for which marijuana provides relief. The American Cancer society says NO to marijuana because it is not a substitute for appropriate anti-nausea drugs for cancer chemotherapy and vomiting. We see no reason to support the legalization of marijuana for medical use. Smoking marijuana is also not approved by the FDA for any illness. These corporations both say that they what a different drug to do the same thing but developing it will take an estimated 4 billion dollars. People what to know why some other drugs can be used like morphine but marijuana can’t. In conclusion, I strongly oppose the illegal use of marijuana and I believe that it’s wrong to smoke it or use it in any way, shape, or form. We only have one body and we should make the most of it and not mess it up by infesting our bodies with impurities that will affect us as we aged. To me doing any kind of drugs is criminal and a waste of time. I want to live my life without any worries of medical problems. Any kind of drug that is illegal is bad for your health but if recommended by a doctor does it make them any better.  Drugs will always be around in my opinion. The government can’t demolish drugs or marijuana but they can try to educate children while they are younger to tell them that drugs are bad and should not be taken. With the passing of this law marijuana will become legal in California. Other states can adopt this law if they would like. Education is the key to the end of drugs and the beginning of a new era. Just say NO. RESOURCES Lynskey, M. T. (2003). â€Å"Escalation of Drug Use in Early-Onset Cannabis Users vs Co-twin Controls†. JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association 289 (4): 427–33. DOI:10.1001/jama.289.4.427. Lay summary – National Institute on Drug Abuse (November 2003). Lynskey, Michael T.; Vink, Jacqueline M.; Boomsma, Dorret I. (2006). â€Å"Early Onset Cannabis Use and Progression to other Drug Use in a Sample of Dutch Twins†. Behavior Genetics 36 (2): 195–200. DOI:10.1007/s10519-005-9023-x. PMID 16402286. Degenhardt, Louisa; Coffey, Carolyn; Carlin, John B.; Moran, Paul; Patton, George C. (2007). â€Å"Who are the new amphetamine users? A 10-year prospective study of young Australians†. Addiction 102 (8): 1269–79. DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01906.x. PMID 17624977. ABC News Australia: Cannabis linked to use of amphetamines, 2007-07-18 Agrawal, Arpana; Neale, Michael C.; Prescott, Carol A.; Kendler, Kenneth S. (2004). â€Å"A twin stu dy of early cannabis use and subsequent use and abuse/dependence of other illicit drugs†. Psychological Medicine 34 (7): 1227–37. DOI:10.1017/S0033291704002545. PMID 15697049. Ellgren, Maria: Neurobiological effects of early life cannabis exposure in relation to the gateway hypothesis. Ellgren, Maria; Spano, Sabrina M; Hurd, Yasmin L (2006). NYPD Organized Crime Control Bureau database manual. (marijuana statistics and current use).

E Commerce and Business Start Up

E commerce and Business Start up Throughout the evaluation process of a potential new idea and in the development of new marketing strategy E-Commerce needs to be continually assessed. E-Commerce offers the entrepreneur the opportunity to be very creative and innovative; its importance is indicated in the continually increasing amount of both business to business and business to costumer e-commerce sales. It increase on the annual basis, according to com Score Networks, total Internet business reached to $214. 4 billion in 2008, an increase of 7% in internet business as compared to 2007. The $214. Billion was composed of $130. 1 billion Non travel spending and 84. 3 billion Dollars travel spending. Video games, consoles and accessories together was the fastest growing categories constituted of 29%, sport and fitness items 29%, event tickets, 13%, consumer electronics 9%, apparel and accessories 4% and travel spending increase by 7% as compared to 2007 over 2008. Factors that facilita ted the growth of e-commerce are wide spread use of PC’s, the adoption of intranet in companies, the acceptance of internet as the business communications platform and faster and more secure systems.Numerous benefits such as Access to broader customer base, lower info dissemination cost which expand the volume of E commerce. Using E-commerce Creatively: E-commerce is mostly use by most corporations to increase their marketing and sale channels. The internet is especially for small and medium size companies as it enables them to minimize the marketing costs while reaching broader markets. An entrepreneur starting an E commerce venture needs to address the same strategic and tactical questions as any other entrepreneur, but some new specific issues are faced because introduction of new technology used in E-commerce.An entrepreneur should decide whether should do in house or out sourcing for an inter business. In case of in house operations there are computer servers; hardware, software as well as support services are included. And in case of outsourcing entrepreneur can hire web developers to design the company’s web pages and upload them on the internet through ISP. In this case the entrepreneur main task is to regularly update the information on the web pages; another option is that to purchase the software from the local market. The correct decision b/w in-house or outsourcing depends on the size of the business.The 2 major components of internet business are Front end or Back end operations. Front end operations are the websites functions, search options, secure payments, shopping cart. The biggest mistake usually make by the companies is that they believe that the attractive website secure their business, which leads them to underestimating the back end operations. The integration of back end and front end operations represents the greatest challenge for doing internet business and at the same time provides an opportunity for developing a sust ained competitive advantage.Websites: Entrepreneurial firms mostly use websites, about 90% of small businesses today have operating websites, but majority of them are not capable of operating new websites. A good website should be easy to use. In developing a website one should keep in mind that; who is the audience? What are the objectives of the site? What do you want to costumers when they visit the site? In addressing these questions one should effectively organize the website. This requires that the material should be fresh and updated on regular basis.Another most important feature of the website is the search capability; it should be easy to find information about the products and services, which can be accomplished by advance search tools and subject browsing. Other functions that should be available are shopping cart, secure server connection, credit card payments and customer feedback. Speed is the characteristic of a successful website. Tracking costumer information: The motivation for tracking costumer information is to capture costumer attention; care must be taken in doing so to follow the laws protecting the privacy of individuals.Doing E-commerce as an Entrepreneurial Company: For online business one should take care of several factors; first the product should be delivered economically and conveniently. Fresh fruits and vegetables for individual consumers are not appropriate for long distance deliveries and online sales. Second the product should be interesting for larger no of people. Thirdly online operations should reduce the cost. And the 4th one that company can easily draw costumer to its website.

The light in my Darkness Essay Example

The light in my Darkness Essay Example The light in my Darkness Paper The light in my Darkness Paper Assignment Compare the two passages. Comment on layout, subject and style of writing and language. Both pieces of writing are about being a hostage, one to the sea and the other to men. The first article is for the newspaper The Independent, its a broadsheet which is published daily, and its considered to be a conservative newspaper. The other article is for Readers Digest a weekly magazine aimed for intellectuals, it can only be bought by subscription. Since they are different, they are adapted to accommodate the different preferences of their readers.To compare the two pieces I will separate the three tasks into different paragraphs. In the subject you can find some similarities such as both were kept against their will in some place. Both are true stories of extreme survival. Bullimore the survivor in The Independent is able to withhold on his boat for four days the 60 ft waves of the Pacific Ocean. Waite the survivor in The Readers Digest stays captive 1,763 in a cell. The mental and physical conditions of both survivors are transmitted by the different types of language and style of writing.The styles of writing and language of these two pieces of journalism are very different, mainly because they have different readers. The first article written as a heroic piece of journalism, it glorifies the survival of Tony Bullimore. This is achieved by the writer using words that transmit tension to the reader. he described the horrific conditions that he had endured. Faced with danger The second article is a breath-taking experience happening to someone then writing his feelings, emotions and the actual experience.The style of writing is linked to the media in which its published. The tone, initial ideas, writing styles, structure contributes to give out big contrasts between the two Medias. The first article has a big picture of the rescue, with huge waves; the picture is near the centre of the page, making it a noticeable picture. The second article doesnt have any illustration of any kind but using long and descriptive sentences he can produce a better replica of how really conditions were like.Description like total darkness, metal sheet covers the window, thin foam mattress my candle splutters creates the atmosphere of the prisoners cell. The titles and sub-headings are also different, the first the title is Thank God-its a miracle shows how the article portrays the ordeal as a miraculous escape. The attitude of the piece is that of a sensatationalist reporting. The sub-headings follow the same style and they all start with The which suggests how big this rescue is, its not just a rescue its The Rescue.On the other hand The light in my Darkness, the title of the second article tells how different the two are. There is an imagery in the title, its an antithesis, this shows that the readers of that media should be a bit more developed intellectually. The broadsheet uses a persuasive, survival and heroic language; by this I mean that during the whole article its always glorifying Bullimore. This language is a constant build-up of Bullimores ordeal.To make the article more reliable and believable the reporter uses the opinions of clinical specialists like Dr Howard Oakley of the institute of Naval Medicine, the author uses quotes of these specialists to make it more believable. As I have said before the article only glorifies him isnt true, there is a human side of the story and a side of some luck and not just professionalism. Using Bullimore s own words makes the article even more real, it creates the human side of the story. The second article uses a more emotional and descriptive type of language, the author of the second article wants to show his suffering.He is always describing his state of mind and his environment. I have been interrogated, beaten and endured a mock execution shows just how much he suffers. Some readers may find repulsive the constant glorification of the hostage. The tense also plays a role in the way the articles make there points. In the first article it uses the past tense I had to find myself a spot as high as possible , I took a few deep breaths, I started shouting, all this add to the feeling that its happened but thank god its over.This is nothing like the second article because the second article uses the present tense I cant see, I am being held, I climbed under a blanket all this creates an unavoidable atmosphere of fear and trauma. It makes the reader aware that he probably is still passing the horrendous experience. To finish off the layout is another very important aspect that we must comment on, at a first glance the differences are evident, the titles, sub-titles, images all that the first has but the second only has a significant title.The article in The Independent has the typical layout of that of a broadsheet article. Many paragraphs and columns all are used to make the article more reader friendly and more eye-catching. These things must be used in a broadsheet so that its successful. The other article uses only a large title and a sub-title underneath it then just consists of paragraphs and prose no quotes or images like the first article. It has nothing that is eye-catching for the reader. This means that even without the eye-catching factors it is still read.

HRM Practices and Key Points

HRM Practices and Key Points Analysis of Sources It is important for human resources and firms operating in different cultural background to engage in training to enable them have a competitive edge over others because training helps employee to appreciate and respect the cultural values of other people (Coget 2011, p.85). This stands out as the key message in Coget’s article â€Å"Does National Culture Affect Firm Investment in Training and Development?†Advertising We will write a custom article sample on HRM Practices and Key Points specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Coget is an associate professor of management in the Orfalae College of business and California polytechnic state university. The methodology used in gathering this information on the study area involved surveys carried out by Hilla Perezet from Ort Braude college, Israel. An approximate of 6000 firms was surveyed in 21 different countries. The study’s findings indicated that cul tural differences influence whether the firm invests in training or not. Firms in countries with low power distance, high uncertainty avoidance, and higher future orientation invest more in training of their employees compared to those operating or embracing higher power distance, low future orientation, and low uncertainty avoidance. Power degrees is the degree to which member of a certain group expect that power should be distributed equally. Written by Shiryan, Shee, and Stewart, the article ‘Employee Training Effectiveness in Saudi Arabian SME Performance’ is a must-read composition that finds out the relationship between employee training and organisation’s performance. The three authors are based in the school of management and information systems faculty of business and law in Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. They affirm that employee training is critical if an organisation aspires to achieve its objectives. They based their study in Saudi Arabia where they collected data through surveys. 500 questionnaires were sent to managers and staffs of various SMEs. An estimate of 264 questionnaires was returned for analysis. The findings showed that most of the firms and SME managers in Saudi Arabia in the firms lack skills on training (Shiryan, Shee, Stewart 2012, p.52). They do not understand the essence of training. Management training is essential in staff training since good leadership and change management can enable an organisation to achieve its set goals.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Chidambaram and Ramachandran point out in the article ‘A study on efficacy of employee training review of literature’, any successful organisation should invest in its human capital (2012, p.275). Above all, human resources are the most important parts of an organisation while assets are just a supplement ary portion of the organisation. Without efficient human capital, organisations cannot achieve their objectives or goals. Training of human capital is important as it helps employees to cope with both the internal and external forces within their operations. Through training, individual and organisational needs are attained thus helping the organisation to meet its objectives. The author summarises the literature review on the aspects of employee training. He suggests that, organisations should not relent in developing their employees in order to achieve their goals. Management therefore has the responsibility of ensuring that adequate programs are in place to allow its staff to acquire more skills and knowledge to be abreast with the ever-changing markets. Grossman and Salas’ ‘The Transfer of Training: What really Matters’ is a well researched piece that looks at the transfer problem in the training of employees. Even though many organisations have invested thei r funds in noble training course, many of the employees trained do not transmit such skills at their work place (Grossman Salas 2011, p.105). This stands out as a problem that many organisations continue to grapple with, which needs quick remedy. The authors employ Bald and Ford’s model of transfer in arguing their case. Factors that relate to skill transfers investigated include self-efficacy, cognitive ability, motivation, perceived utility of training, and training design among others. Therefore, it is recommended that human resource managers in charge of training programs should first evaluate the kind of training that is appropriate before using or recommending it to employees. Firms may lose huge sums of money in these training programs thus ending up not reaping any value from the same. Zeutinoglu et al. are all professors in human resource management areas in DeGroote School of Business, Mc Master University. As they point out, the training of low job workers in Cana da is beyond the recommended standards (Zeutinoglu et al. 2008, p.5). As per the Statistics Canada Workplace and employee survey of 2001, few low-job employees received low wages on the job training compared to those in high jobs.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on HRM Practices and Key Points specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is therefore important that organisation train their employees to enable them earn decent life, perform well on their jobs, and to contribute in productivity at the workplace, as well as in the economy. Government needs to support on job training for these low-job employees in a bid to achieve this goal. In his article ‘Line manager involvement in learning and development: Small beer or big deal’, Gibbs argues that line managers should be involved in learning and development at their work (2003, p.282). This step is aimed at ensuring a positive relationship between human resource managers and the line managers. They should be involved in this program at work to help them trigger positive relationship besides increasing productivity in the organisation. Organisations are changing. Therefore, to be part of the change, such critical changes in these areas should be supported and encouraged. Even though line managers should be included in the learning and development, there are various disadvantages in this issue. One of the disadvantages is that they may not be able to carry out their duties well because they are trained to be better skilled developers as opposed to being specialists in learning and development initiatives at work. HRM Practices Human resource management is aimed at formulating strategies and policies that can best drive the objectives and goals of an organisation forward. The department aims at ensuring that human capital is well taken care to ensure that staff work towards the realisation of the organisational goals and objectives. Various H RM practices are worth adapting in a bid to drive individual and organisational performance to achieve the intended goals and objectives. The three approaches will include, regular coaching, training and developing of staff’s competencies, ensuring greater employee autonomy and discretion, and developing teamwork. Regular coaching and developing of staff on the job is one of the approaches that I believe will help in promoting individuals’ self-confidence besides ensuring that performance of the organisation improves (Grossman, Salas 2011, p. 103). Employees’ training and coaching initiatives will also center on the best ways of managing people through performance management system.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This system is conducive as it aligns individual objectives to those of the organisation. Identifying the potential and the areas of interest of employees is important in staging training and coaching program to trigger positive change in an organisation. Employees are very important components in an organisation. Therefore, to ensure that they remain in the organisation to improve in their skills and knowledge, training should always be carried out. There are different type of training and coaching that an organisation can use. One is on-the-job training where employees are trained directly by interacting or performing certain tasks. This type of training is less expensive. Most organisations prefer this because it is not expensive. Besides, it does not require a lot of time. The other type of training is off-the-job training, which is normally attained through special duration programs in learning and technical institutions. Some organisations sponsor their employees to attain ski lls and knowledge in specific areas. This has turned to be a burden to the organisation. Training is an expensive venture. Because of its importance, organisations have no alternative apart from practicing it. Many organisations that have embraced training are competitive in terms of development of salient skills in management, leadership, and the general operation or functioning of an institution. Another human resource management approach that I intend to encourage is greater discretion and autonomy on the workplace. Employees feel part of the organisation if they are well treated and appreciated for what they do (Shiryan, Shee, Stewart 2012, p. 49). The environment of working should be conducive to allow employees a space to express their views besides share their opinions with other employees to present their problems to the management. Free communication in an organisation helps in nurturing the spirit of teamwork and unity. Furthermore, this will trigger innovation and creati vity as employees will have the opportunity to invent and innovate at their discretion. For the organisation to achieve good performance, it should be able to innovate and come up with ideas that are able to add value to the organisation. Therefore, greater autonomy is the best way that employees will have a sense of belonging to trigger their self-esteem thus enabling them to influence the organisation’s objectives positively. Teamwork is yet another human resource practice that will be encouraged in the organisation. This will help employees to share and learn new knowledge as they work together to achieve the overall organisation’s goals. Teamwork is also preferred because it enables a group to work together to assist one another in achieving similar objectives (Shiryan, Shee, Stewart 2012, p. 46). The teams will be made up of people with different levels of training and experience. The teams will be rotated in a bid to eliminate boredom besides building the spirit of teamwork and unity. Organisations that have strong teams face their challenges without fear. They usually ensure that they find the best solutions to their problems. Teams are also one way of creating or enhancing cohesion. They are made up of people from different cultural backgrounds, which is a benefit in creating or establishing a brand. Conclusion In conclusion, human resource management has the responsibility to ensure that organisations embrace changes besides recruiting employees who are able to stir ahead the goals and objectives of the organisation. One of the important duties of HRM in this current world is to implement training programs that are able to acquaint employees with skills and knowledge to trigger increased production. The training should be tailored to the objectives of the organisation. Other HRM approaches that are equally important in improving individual and organisational performance are ensuring that there is a greater autonomy among employees and t eamwork. References Chidambaram, V, Ramachandran, A 2012, ‘A study on efficacy of employee training review of literature’, Business Theory Practice, vol. 13 no. 3, pp. 275-282. Coget, J 2011, ‘Does National Culture Affect Firm Investment in Training and Development?’, Academy of Management Perspectives, vol. 25 no. 4, pp. 85-87. Gibbs, S 2003, ‘Line manager involvement in learning and development: Small beer or big deal?’, Employee Relations, vol. 25 no. 3, pp. 281-293. Grossman, R, Salas, E 2011, ‘The transfer of training: what really matters’, International Journal of Training Development, vol. 15 no. 2, pp. 103-120. Shiryan, S, Shee, H, Stewart, D 2012, ‘Employee Training Effectiveness in Saudi Arabian SME Performance’, International Journal of Business Social Science, vol. 3 no. 14, pp. 46-52. Zeutinoglu, I, Cooke, G, Karlene, H, Chowhan, J 2008, ‘Low-Paid Workers and On-the-Job Training in Canada†™, Relations Industrielles (Quà ©bec, Quà ©bec)/Industrial Relation, vol. 63 no. 1, pp. 5-29.

Shakespearean Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream

Shakespearean Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1600) has been called one of William Shakespeare’s greatest love plays. It has been interpreted as a romantic story in which love ultimately conquers all odds. However, A Midsummer Night’s Dream is actually a written piece on the importance of fertility, not love. Shakespeare’s ideas about love are represented by the powerless young lovers, by the meddling faeries and their magical love, and by forced love as opposed to chosen love. All of these points undermine the argument that this play is a typical â€Å"love story† and help build the case that Shakespeare actually intends to demonstrate the powers of sex and fertility over love. The first idea of love is its powerlessness, represented by the â€Å"true† lovers. Lysander and Hermia are the only two characters in the play who are actually in love. Yet, their love is forbidden both by Hermia’s father and by Duke Theseus. Hermia’s father speaks of Lysander’s love as witchcraft, saying Lysander is â€Å"the man that bewitched the bosom of my child† and â€Å"with feigning voice verses of feigning love/stol’n the impression of her fantasy† (27, 31-2). These lines prove that true love is an illusion, a false ideal.   Egeus goes on to say that Hermia belongs to him, proclaiming, â€Å"she is mine, and all my right of her/I do estate unto Demetrius† (97-98). These lines demonstrate the lack of power that Hermia and Lysander’s love holds in the presence of familial law. Furthermore, Demetrius tells Lysander to â€Å"yield thy crazà ©d title to my certain right,† which means that it is only to the worthiest suitor that a father must give his daughter, regardless of love (91-2). Finally, Hermia and Lysander’s eventually wedlock is due to two things: faerie intervention and noble decree. The faeries enchant Demetrius to fall in love with Helena, therefor freeing Theseus to allow Hermia and Lysander’s union. With his words, â€Å"Egeus, I will overbear your will; / For in the temple, by and by, with us / These couples shall eternally be knit,† Theseus is proving that it is not love which is responsible for the joining of two people, but the will of those in power (178-80). Thus, even for the true lovers, it is not love which conquers, but power in the form of royal decree. The second idea, the weakness of love, comes in the form of faerie magic. The four young lovers and the imbecilic actor are entangled in a love game, puppet-mastered by Oberon and Puck. The faerie’s meddling causes both Lysander and Demetrius, who were fighting over Hermia, to fall for Helena. Lysander’s confusion even leads him to believe he hates Hermia; he asks her,â€Å"Why seek’st thou me? Could not this make thee know / the hate I bear thee made me leave thee so?† (189-90). That his love is so easily extinguished and turned to hatred shows that even a true lover’s fire can be put out by the feeblest wind.   Furthermore, Titania, the powerful faerie goddess, is bewitched into falling in love with Bottom, who has been given a donkey’s head by mischievous Puck. When Titania exclaims â€Å"What visions have I seen! / Methought I was enamored of an ass,† we are meant to see that love will cloud our judgment and make even the normally level-headed person do foolish things (75-76). Ultimately, Shakespeare makes the point that love cannot be trusted to withstand any length of time and that lovers are made into fools. Finally, Shakespeare gives us two examples of choosing powerful unions, rather than amorous ones, in A Midsummer Night’s Dream. First, there is the tale of Theseus and Hippolyta. In lines 16-17, Theseus says to Hippolyta, â€Å"I wooed thee with my sword / And won thy love doing thee injuries.† Thus, the first relationship that we are greeted with is the result of Theseus claiming Hippolyta after defeating her in battle. Rather than courting and loving her, Theseus has conquered and enslaved her. He creates the union for solidarity and strength between the two kingdoms.   Next is the example of Oberon and Titania, whose separation from each other results in the world becoming barren. Titania exclaims, â€Å"The spring, the summer / The childing autumn, angry winter, change / Their wonted liveries, and the mazà ©d world / By their increase now knows not which is which† (111-14). These lines make it clear that it is not in consideration of love that these two must be joined, but in consideration of the fertility and health of the world. In general, then, it is not love that decides who should be joined, but the fertileness created by the union. The sub-plots in A Midsummer Night’s Dream demonstrate Shakespeare’s dissatisfaction with the idea of love as a supreme power and his belief that power and fertility are the two prime factors in deciding a union. The images of greenery and nature throughout the story, as when Puck speaks of Titania and Oberon meeting neither â€Å"in grove or green / By fountain clear, or spangled starlight sheen† further suggest the importance that Shakespeare places on fertility (28-29). Also, the faerie presence within Athens at the end of the play, as sung by Oberon, suggests that lust is the enduring power and, without it, love cannot last: â€Å"Now, until the break of day / Through this house each fairy stray / To the best bride-bed will we / Which by us shall blessed be† (196-99).   Ultimately, Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream suggests that believing only in love, creating bonds based on a fleeting notion rather than on lasting principles such as fertility (offspring) and power (security), is to be â€Å"enamored of an ass.†

Strengths and weaknesses on a few cultural theories Assignment

Strengths and weaknesses on a few cultural theories - Assignment Example The study aimed at finding out whether the frameworks can help managers. The study analyzed values in 47 countries with a desire to make conclusions on cultural inclinations. As a result, national differences became the basis for the organizational processes brought by managers. Greater sensitivity came to the aspect of culture in relation to decision making. However, these three frameworks have a positive and negative side that affects the perception of users (Smith, Peterson, Schwartz, 2012). This paper explains the strengths and weaknesses of Hofstede, Schwartz, and Trompenaars frameworks in relation to culture. The paper concludes that the Hofstede framework presents a logical scenario of conducting human resource research. Cultural theories shed light on the issues in a society that are valuable. Cultural theories have contributed to the field of consumer behavior and international marketing. This has become a reality by placing emphasis on the cultural inclinations of consumers and markets at large. Â  Hofstede, Schwartz, and Trompenaars denote some of the common cultural theories that help in understanding human and market behavior. Hofstede is one of the cultural theories that look at the dimensions of culture in individuals. This theory indicates that the culture of a society will have effects on the values it portrays. Furthermore, the theory tries to relate the values and behaviors of human beings in order to formulate logical conclusions. Hofstede can be used to explain differences that can be observed among different cultures (Minkov, 2007). This theory presents four dimensions to explain cultural values in society. Power distance is one dimension, and it explains the potency of a social hierarchy. Additionally, there is the dimension of individualism verses collectivism that explains the level of integrating individuals into groups. Furthermore, the third dimension, which is uncertainty avoidance, explains the extent that members of

Artifact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Artifact - Essay Example They are a source of comfort and give us the opportunity to connect with ourselves when alone. I don’t consider the rocking chair as a piece of furniture but something that I can resort to when I need to rejoice the moments spent with my grandfather or when I need sometime for myself away from the noise and pollution of this world. These rocking chairs add to the household making the entire environment very comfortable. The rocking chair is practically affiliated with Americans who have immense love for this wonderful creation. The origin of this ornament is quite controversial as we do not really find how or why this was designed. Although the first rocking chair was skates attached to a chair. With time this conventional design was modernized to the recent form. It is estimated that the rocking chair resulted from two distinct pieces of furniture that is a cradle and a rocking horse during the eighteenth century. Both these ornaments are generally associated to children who relax and rejoice on them. The cradle and the rocking horse were found to give immense pleasure to little ones hence with the passage of time a similar thing was designed for adults that would give them the same joy and comfort. It will not be wrong to say that the rocking chair gives a modern touch to sleep. The rocking chair at my home is an antique wooden chair made out of dark oak wood which has been carved to perfection. The basic design is similar to a conventional rocking chair that moves front and back which are joint to the legs of it. Further is has a curved shape to support my backbone. There is a faint shine on it. This rocking chair makes squeaky voices in particular; furthermore in order to give a modern touch to the rocking chair I have accessorized it with floral summery cushions giving a pleasant feel overall. The rocking chair has far more to offer than just comfort and relaxation. Like I mentioned earlier,

Economic Interdependence and the Emergence of Globalization Research Paper

Economic Interdependence and the Emergence of Globalization - Research Paper Example Mexico, a developing country in the Western Hemisphere and member of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), will be used as a case study to explore the ramifications of realist-inspired neoliberalism and the effects of globalization on a country in the developing world. Furthermore, the effects of the international economic system will be discussed with reference to China, a formerly socialist state in the processing of liberalizing its economy and opening up to the global economic community. Globalization, as it exists today, rests largely on the shoulders of neoliberal economics and the global entrenchment of capitalism as the dominant economic system in the world. Inspired by Realist ideological doctrine, neo-liberalism is the belief in laissez-faire economics and its early proponents were Margaret Thatcher in the United Kingdom and Ronald Reagan in the United States in the 1980s. US President Ronald Regan famously remarked, "government was not the solution but the problem" (Hobsbawm 1994). Neo-liberals put all of their faith in the distributive capabilities of the invisible hand of the free market, and believe that business was inherently good and that government bad. The government was longer interested in the provision of welfare but existed to stimulate the capitalist economic market. The United States under Ronald Reagan was thus described as the "greatest of the neo-liberal regimes" (Hobsbawm 1994).   How did neoliberalism, the dominant political and economic ideology of the West since the Reagan years make inroads around the world and into the formerly Communist countries of Eastern Europe' The Second World, consisting of the global Communist community during the Cold War, was severely undermined by economic and political crises which began in the late 1960s. The result was a political and economic disorder. Economic crises undermined the political foundations of states like China and the USSR - particularly after the deaths of men such as Mao & Brezhnev - and the centrally planned economic systems of these countries remained under stress and increasingly precarious. The Soviet world was also not immune to global economic crises as evidenced by the effects of the OPEC crisis of 1973. These aftershocks paved the way for perestroika and glasnost in the USSR, the implosion of Yugoslavia and popular Chinese dissent expressed in Tiananmen Square and captured live on camera. The political and economic fragilities of the Second World were exposed following 1968 and slowly led to political decay, leading to the eventual implosion of the Soviet Union.  

Assignment on Anthropology Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On Anthropology - Assignment Example When doing a research, these differences in culture can enable an anthropologist to determine the origin of certain beliefs, customs and values associated with some communities. In a daily life scenario, tourists travel from different parts in the world to experience different types of cultures different from theirs (Gezon, 2011). 3. What is emic Emic has been defined as the understanding of a certain culture from within that particular culture. In anthropological research, a researcher may decide to stay with the people he wants to know about to deeply understand culture from their perspective. In the daily occurrences anthropologists go to the extent of learning people’s language in order to learn more about their culture. For example, anthropologists interested in the Zulu culture may travel to South Africa and spend several months with the Zulu people. During this time, he can learn the Zulu language which enables him to learn their culture more from within. 4. Enculturati on Enculturation is defined as learning the basics of an established culture in order to establish what is acceptable and what is wrong in reference to that particular culture. This learning can be through gestures, words, speech and action. Enculturation is important in anthropological research as it enables anthropologists to be sensitive to people’s cultures when carrying out a research. Knowing what is required of them buy a particular community during research work prevents conflicts.Enculturalization is applicable in our day to life interactions. We meet people from different cultures when in line of duty. It makes us hold cultures that are not ours in high regard and not to demean other cultures (Brokerman, 2011). 5. Qualitative and quantitative research Qualitative research has been defined as the aspect of information gathering or data through behavior observations, emotional displays and non verbal communications. These are things that cannot be quantified or number ed. Contrarily, quantitative research involves investigations through systematic scientific research of quantities that can be measured. It comes up with scientific verifiable theories. In application to research, what a researcher investigates determines the method he adopts. He uses qualitative in immeasurable activities and quantitative method in investing things that can be quantified. For example in daily occurances, people might display varying levels of emotions when their culture is demeaned. Qualitative research may be used to establish their emotional reactions. On the other hand quantitative method may be used to establish the remnants of an almost extinct culture, for example the hunting and gathering San group of Southern Africa. Part B 1. Describe the importance of sustainability in today’s global economy Sustainability may be defined from different perspectives depending on the subject that is being talked about. The general definition may be the continuity of a behavior which is defined indefinitely.However; economic sustainability may be defined as supporting indefininitely economic production. This means that sustainability is long term (Parasecoli, 2008). 2. How has the concept of sustainability influenced the triple bottom line of fish farming Sustainability is not only important in today’s global economy but also essential for a number of reasons. Sustainability has led to noble innovation that has led to

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 31

Marketing - Essay Example The museum should set its objectives so that it can move forward and always be referring to the objectives to enhance that it is moving on the right track. The objectives that will be set forth should be SMART, which translates to specific, measurable, realistic, and time bound. The following objectives are formulated using the guidelines of SMART; The strategies that will enhance the realization of the objectives set above include will be considered. Formulation of objectives is very important, which is based on identifying the best opportunities from the situational analysis. One of the key considerations is of setting the museums goals are that it should be consistent with the long term goals of the museum. When mentioning goals and objective, â€Å"they are a bit challenging but this is the charm it carries† (slater and Olson, 2001). The manner in which they are challenging is because they demand a lot of information to be gathered processed and evaluated. The external environment is usually uncontrollable, but using the normal PESTEL (political, economic, society, technology, environment, legal) it is and will be favorable for the marketing plan. The political environment of the company is favorable this is because of the mission statement that will make the government and the local council of Aberdeen to support t he project. The mission statement where it states that they will enhance conservation will be very much supported by the state government. The economy of the United Kingdom is one of the most stable economies of the world. This will help so much in the prices that will be set and help to raise more revenues to the Art gallery and Museum. Social factors are also favorable in the United Kingdom; the society of the country is diverse and very conservative this can be seen from the fact that the country still keeps the monarchy system of government. The fact that there is introduction of technology in the

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising - Term Paper Example Historical background After the entry of troops of the Third Reich into Poland in October 1939, the occupation authorities issued the order according to which Jews had to pass their money to financial institutions. A person was allowed to keep no more than 2000 zlotys. In public transport, the Nazis placed offensive posters intended to incite ethnic hatred. Speaking about the reasons for creating ghettos in towns of Poland, the Nazis claimed that Jews were carriers of infectious diseases, and that their isolation would help to protect non-Jewish population from the epidemics. In March 1940 a number of urban areas with high concentrations of Jewish population had been declared a quarantine zone. From these areas about 113.000 Poles were expelled, and this place was inhabited by 138.000 Jews from other places. The decision to organize the ghetto was taken on October 16, 1940 by Governor-general Hans Frank. At this point in the ghetto, there were about 440,000 people (37% of the populat ion), while the area of ghetto was 4.5% of the area of Warsaw. Initially leaving the ghetto without permission was liable to imprisonment for a term of 9 months. Since November 1941 the death penalty was applied. On November 16 the ghetto was fenced with a wall. Life in the ghetto Issues within the ghetto were regulated by Judenrat, which was under the control of German authorities. Chairman of the Judenrat was Adam Czerniakow, who â€Å"refused to take advantage of opportunities to leave Poland in the early months of the occupation, and he held Jewish leaders who did so in contempt as traitors to their people† (Niewyk & Nicosia 175). Head of the Jewish police in the ghetto was Jozef Sherinsky (Berenbaum & Peck 599). Officially established food standards for the ghetto were specially calculated for the people to starve and die. In the second half of 1941, food standards for the Jews included 184 calories. However, due to illegally supplied food, real consumption averaged 1125 calories a day. Part of the population was engaged in German manufacturing. Thus, in the sewing industry of Walter Tebens 18 thousand Jews were employed. The working day lasted 12 hours with no weekends and holidays. Of the 110 thousand workers of ghetto only 27000 had a permanent job. Inside the ghetto illegal production of various goods was organized, raw materials for which were supplied in secret. Products were also smuggled for sale or exchange for food outside the ghetto. In addition to the legal 70 bakeries in the ghetto there were 800 illegal ones. The cost of illegal export from the ghetto was estimated at 10 million zlotys a month. Among the inhabitants of the ghetto there was a layer of people, whose activities and position provided them with relatively good life (traders, smugglers, members of the Judenrat, the agents of the Gestapo). Most of the residents suffered from malnutrition. There were problems with health: Once the ghettos were sealed, the uncontrollable sprea d of typhus became a major problem. Some estimate that there was a case of exanthematic typhus in every family in the Warsaw ghetto, affecting from one-quarter to one-third of the population (Soumerai & Schulz 100). The worst situation was with the Jews, displaced from other parts of Poland. Not having connections and acquaintances, they had difficulties in finding and securing income for

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 31

Marketing - Essay Example The museum should set its objectives so that it can move forward and always be referring to the objectives to enhance that it is moving on the right track. The objectives that will be set forth should be SMART, which translates to specific, measurable, realistic, and time bound. The following objectives are formulated using the guidelines of SMART; The strategies that will enhance the realization of the objectives set above include will be considered. Formulation of objectives is very important, which is based on identifying the best opportunities from the situational analysis. One of the key considerations is of setting the museums goals are that it should be consistent with the long term goals of the museum. When mentioning goals and objective, â€Å"they are a bit challenging but this is the charm it carries† (slater and Olson, 2001). The manner in which they are challenging is because they demand a lot of information to be gathered processed and evaluated. The external environment is usually uncontrollable, but using the normal PESTEL (political, economic, society, technology, environment, legal) it is and will be favorable for the marketing plan. The political environment of the company is favorable this is because of the mission statement that will make the government and the local council of Aberdeen to support t he project. The mission statement where it states that they will enhance conservation will be very much supported by the state government. The economy of the United Kingdom is one of the most stable economies of the world. This will help so much in the prices that will be set and help to raise more revenues to the Art gallery and Museum. Social factors are also favorable in the United Kingdom; the society of the country is diverse and very conservative this can be seen from the fact that the country still keeps the monarchy system of government. The fact that there is introduction of technology in the

Cyclic Scheduling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Cyclic Scheduling - Essay Example ic scheduling in flexible manufacturing systems is something that has to be well understood by all those involved with production management and researchers have tried to develop a variety of heuristics and algorithms for solving cyclic scheduling problems in flexible manufacturing systems. Cyclic scheduling problems are often complex and require computational optimization techniques for their solution and automated systems with scheduling engines help production managers to find optimal scheduling solutions in real-time. This research paper presents a brief discussion about cyclic scheduling in flexible manufacturing. I hereby certify that, except where cited in the text, this work is the result of the research carried out by the author of this study. The main content of the study which has been presented contains work that has not previously been reported anywhere. Scheduling refers to the concept of allocating available resources over time to effectively plan for the execution of production orders in a manufacturing facility with its available processing machines and manufacturing systems (Lankford, Chapter 9.8). Depending on the demand for that which is being manufactured, a master production schedule will be made available and scheduling meets the requirements for production that are stated in the master production schedule. Thus, if automobiles or cellular phones are being manufactured in a facility, then the daily, monthly or weekly production output for the previously mentioned outputs will be mentioned in the master production schedule, as determined by the market or supplier commitments. However, the employed manpower, processing machine or production line capacity and material for production must be adequate for the required levels of production and this means that scheduling is about optimally assigning available resources to meet pr oduction targets. Thus, scheduling is more complex than the mere execution of jobs for production and depending on the

Boeing Corporation Essay Example for Free

Boeing Corporation Essay From Boeing Corporate Structure (Chart 1), it shows Chairman, Executive President and Chief Executive Officer, which is represented by one individual to be responsible for Executive Vice President who also acts as Chief Financial Officer and is responsible for finance department while the president is responsible for International matter. Executive Vice President is also responsible and in charge of six other Senior Vice- Principals who in turn in charge of different departments such as law, business development and strategy, human resources and administration, communication, and internal governance. From the production management side, Boeing’s Business Development and Strategy is operating under two units, which are Boeing Commercial Airplanes and Boeing Integrated Defense Systems. Supporting these two units are Boeing Capital Corporation, Boeing Shared Services Group, and Engineering, Operations Technology, Aircraft Financial Services and Space Defense Financial Services. From Boeing Corporate Organizational Structure, it describes that the Aircraft Financial Services â€Å"assists commercial aircraft customers by arranging and structuring asset-based financing, managing technical assets, and providing a broad range of efficient financing solutions for Boeing Commercial Airplanes products and services†¦ provides expertise and product offerings include backstop commitments, operating leases, financing leases, sale/leasebacks, freighter conversion financing, long- and short-term financing, and senior and subordinated secured loans. Under the charge of its vice president and general manager, again the structure describes â€Å"Aircraft Financial Services works closely with Boeing Commercial Airplanes customers to develop aircraft financing solutions. Working with commercial financial institutions, the group is proactively engaged with the U. S. Export-Import Bank and other export credit agencies to ensure availability of adequate and reasonably priced financing for developing customers and regions. Aircraft Financial Services is playing an integral role, along with the Aviation Working Group, in improving the global aircraft financing infrastructure and ratifying the Cape Town Treaty, which will improve the legal framework for international asset-based aircraft financing. The group also is actively engaged to enhance and expand the capital markets. † The Space Defense Financial Services, on the contrary, arranges and structures financing solutions for government and commercial customers around the world. Vice President of the financial corporation â€Å"and his group work closely with Boeings Integrated Defense Systems business unit to help arrange funding for satellites, military transports, tankers and rotorcraft. Specialized projects and programs include military-related products, international defense financing, private-public partnerships, project financing, launch vehicles, satellites and related space systems. † The value creation in the company’s capital business unit is based upon â€Å"discriminating financing solution† with a primary mission is to arrange, structure, and provide financial assistance for the sale and delivery of Boeing products and services to other business units. It also aggressively solicits and arranges third party financing for its customers as well as manages its finance and financial risk properly. Boeing recognizes the diverse and highly skilled workforces who have great contribution to its success and has led the company to lead the world as the â€Å"world’s second largest† commercial and defense aircrafts. The people culture represents a lifelong learning experience. The diversity of the people also determines the culture of the company, which is for some, it is refreshing. From human development perspective, Boeing provides an opportunity for its employees to improve their skills through company-paid tuition program, through Boeing Leadership Center, and a continuous learning through other programs outside the company so that employees can â€Å"pursue studies in unlimited fields and environments† According to Boeing, its success is driven by its â€Å"ability to provide our customers with the right solutions at the right time and the right cost,† more effective in addressing â€Å"future evolving requirements for capability-driven solutions,† and is able to further â€Å"improve execution, reduce organizational complexity, and improve competitiveness† for its customers. In its Philanthropy Report, Boeing claims its â€Å"commitment to being a good corporate citizen. In fact, good corporate citizenship is a core value of our company and is integral to the way we conduct business around the globe. In addition to this being a social imperative for us, we see improving the quality of life in communities where we live and work as a key element to remaining viable and vital in today’s global marketplace† (2). Executive members are engaging in the activity of several nonprofit organizations including in college and university while employees are engaging in volunteer activities and other community programs. The company continues expanding as it generates new innovations. With expansion, its capabilities and capacity also increase, from human resources development to â€Å"more efficient members of its commercial airplane family; integrating military platforms, defense systems and the war fighter through network-centric operations; creating advanced technology solutions; providing broadband connectivity on moving platforms including airplanes; and arranging innovative customer-financing solutions. † The company boasts of its management and leadership success in the field of commercial aircraft and integrated defense system. Its strategy is to provide â€Å"the right people for the right job, technologies, processes and performance at the right time and in the right place across the company worldwide. † And to take a leadership role by creating a primary supports to its business units through several organizational groups such as Phantom Works, Intellectual Property Management, and Information Technology, as well as in the Engineering, Operations, Quality, and Information Technology process councils. According to Boeing, â€Å"through all its activities, Engineering, Operations Technology helps ensure the future success of Boeing by winning strategic new programs, providing innovative technology and process solutions, transforming Boeing into a global network-centric enterprise, enhancing and protecting the companys intellectual capital, and fostering a culture of innovation. † Looking at its success, Boeing has had great strategies but the recent strategy of cost management has impacted the company, especially employees downsizing. This will eventually affected the company’s future performance as the second of the world’s leaders in aircraft industry. Expansion increases cost but one best thing is to keep its specialty. The only strategy I would suggest for Boeing to maintain its healthy organizational is to reduce its expansive activity, such as investor’s outreach program or realty activity, while maintaining its human resources. Corporate executives’ compensation should also be taken into consideration because no executives are successful without the employees.

Eating Disorders and the Media Essay -- anorexia nervosa and bulimia n

Eating Disorders and the Media Doctors annually diagnose millions of Americans with eating disorders. Of those diagnosed, ninety percent are women. Most of these women have one of the two most common types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (National Council on Eating Disorders, 2004). People with anorexia nervosa experience heart muscle shrinkage along with slow and irregular heartbeats and eventually heart failure. Along with their heart, their kidney, digestive system and muscles often fail them. The mortality rate of anorexia is twenty percent, which is the highest of any psychiatric disorder. People with bulimia nervosa experience erosion of their teeth, irritation and rips in their throat, stomach, and esophagus, and develop a dependency on laxatives. These symptoms occur along with the same symptoms that anorexics suffer. One third of people with eating disorders never fully recover. Instead, according to eating disorder researchers, they experience â€Å"repeating wavelike patterns of disease and recovery [and] seldom return to a state of normal eating† (D'Abundo & Chally, 2004; National Council on Eating Disorders, 2004). How can a female choose to force her body into a state of living decay? In this paper, I have discussed the complex interaction of media and young women. I have also proposed solutions that might help activists interested in lessening the chances of girls developing eating disorders. In the literature review, I focus on the scholarly work conducted to understand how consumption of certain media interacts with low self-esteem to cause young females to want to fit the societal norm of being thin. This drive for thinness in young women can cause eating disorders. Th... ...urrent Directions in Psychological Science, 10(5), 181-183. Thomsen, S. (2002). Health and Beauty Magazine Reading and Body Shape Concerns Among a Group of College Women. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, (79) 4, 988-1007. Tyner, T. (1992). Implementation: The Next Step. Strategies for Media Literacy Quarterly. Walsh, B. (2004). A Plea for Expanded Media Literacy. Retrieved on December 8, 2004, from http://interact.uoregon.edu/MediaLit/mlr/readings/articles/kubey.html. Wade, T. Davidson, S. & O’Dea, J. (2002). A Preliminary Controlled Evaluation of a School-Based Media Literacy Program and Self-Esteem Program for Reducing Eating Disorder Risk Factors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 371 – 383. Zajonc, R. (2001). Mere Exposure: A gateway to the Subliminal. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(6), 224-228.

Sterility Drug Progesterex Urban Legend :: Urban Legends

Sterility Drug Progesterex Urban Legend The source for this urban legend is a 19 year old male of Palestinian descent who is currently studying engineering at Montgomery College. His father owns a heating and air conditioning company and his mother is manager for a high school cafeteria. This source first heard the story on the Internet when he received the story on an online Web group. He then spread the warning to all of his contacts. You should tell all the girls you know to be careful because there have been cases in Boston where girls who have been slipped â€Å"roofies† [rohypnol, a common date rape drug used to incapacitate the victim] for date rape were also slipped a horse sterilizer. This new drug is becoming popular because when it is used the woman that is raped can’t have a child and later identify the suspect through DNA testing. Apparently one girl was slipped these two drugs and was found the next morning by police and was taken to the hospital. There the doctors say that at least five men had raped her. The girl had no knowledge of the events because of the roofy she was slipped. Doctors also informed the police and the patient that upon blood testing that a low grade horse sterilizer was used on the victim and that she would never be able to have children due to the effects of the drug. The horse sterilizer is readily available to veterinarians and farmers, so it is easy to find. This new drug will sterilize someone forever, so tell them to be careful. This harrowing story was told quite compellingly with strong body language. What was most effective about this performance was that the source never hesitated when he spoke and was very clear on details. During the entire course of this performance, it seemed that the performer was fully convinced of the validity of this story. During the entire performance the word which he emphasized the most was "forever," when mentioning the effects of the horse sterilizer on women. He was very insistent that the drug affects women permanently and that is why it is so dangerous. Upon further research of horse sterilizers and rape, the name that came up most often was Progesterex. A site search of Progesterex on www.webmd.com (a health service page) resulted in zero finds, with suggestions for progesterone, which is a naturally occurring hormone in women that prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

Case Study Freedomof Movement

Freedom of Movement Chaining Townsend palm Beach State College The way the court should the decide this case to support the European Union's commitment to labor mobility between member states is that they need to make a list of things they can do and have everyone in the court vote to see which suggestion is the best one. I don't think people out-side of the country should be getting a child raising allowance check from Germany. Even if they use to live in the country. If they wanted the check they should have stayed in Germany.Plus the plaintiffs husband works in Germany and the plaintiff herself works for border control. That means they can still live in Germany where it would be better for them to live and would still get a child raising allowance check every month. If the courts made a list of suggestions, then they can have multiple things that can happen. Also, if the one thing that they voted on just so happens to fail then what they can do is go over the list to see â€Å"wh at is the next best thing to do for the case. † Lastly the court will need to make that the people of Germany and Europe would not have a pacific problem with what the courts choose.If the citizens do not care for the court's opinion the bad things will happen, like riots and protests. The similarities between Germany and Austria to Illinois and Indiana is they are both between two different places. What mean about this is that Germany is its own country and Austria is also its own country while Illinois and Indiana are both their own states. Now the similarities between the child raising allowance law and the unemployment law are that they are both place to help out the community. Also they are both used to help people outside of the country or the state.They are both very helpful laws and are I am sure they are greatly appreciated by the people affected by them. The differences between the child raising allowance law and the unemployment law is that the child raising allowan ce law is for people in Germany that have children and only part time jobs, while the unemployment law is for people have either lost their job or never had one. But the unemployment law has nothing to do with whether the person has a child or not. Also Illinois and Indiana are a part of one country when Germany and Austria are two different countries and have different governmental spoke persons.

Deceit in Hunters in the Snow Essay

Tobias Wolff’s â€Å"Hunters in the Snow† centers on the actions and personalities of Kenny, Frank and Tub as they embark on a hunting trip during the winter. Each character faces problems (in character or otherwise) which they attempt to cover up through deception – the central theme in this short story – in order to accept their respective actions. The consequences of these cover ups profoundly change the power of each character over another. Furthermore, the characters don’t realize how their lies influence others around them. Kenny is a quintessential bully. His need for power over the other two causes him to assert control of any action be it driving or asking for permission to hunt on private grounds. In truth, he doesn’t even wish to ask for permission but is pressured by Frank to do so. Kenny’s seemingly flippant mannerisms also follow from his desire to be the alpha-male. He insults and mercilessly teases Frank and Tub about their insecurities. He pretends to desire to run over Tub after appearing an hour late and immediately silences any objection from Tub. However, he neither realizes how far he is pushing Tub nor the peril he is in. His stupid actions leading up to and after the murder of the old dog finally push Tub, who legitimately fears for his life, to retaliate. This immediately puts Kenny’s life at the hands of his bully victims and leaves a power vacuum to be filled. Tub’s main problem is his denial of the poor eating habits that he has. He adamantly tries to convince others that his problem is due to his glans despite acutely knowing that he gorges himself on unhealthy foods in solitude. The insecurity he feels about being found out causes him to become easily manipulated and bullied by Frank and Kenny. Moreover, the retaliation against Kenny only adds to the insecurity Tub has and he immediately searches for approval and protection against the consequence of shooting Kenny. Frank fills in this vacuum and manipulates Tub into siding with him. Frank himself faces the issue of adultery. His lust for another woman causes him to deceive himself into believing that this new female is the love of his life despite a small part of his conscience stating otherwise. He even goes as far as to perverse the beliefs of that small part by asserting that his reluctance is only due to the good that his wife had done him and the kids they had. Frank’s self-deception inadvertently acts on Tub’s insecurities, prompting Tub to open up about his problems to Frank. By deceiving himself to accept his adultery, Frank pushes Tub to accept the eating problems that Tub has by giving in to Tub’s urges. Frank is unaware that his acceptance of adultery has already influenced Tub to succumb to Tub’s desires (shown by the fact that Tub decides to open up to Frank). Each character has major issues that need to be corrected but prefer to deceive themselves and others than accept the truth and work towards correction. As such, Kenny lies in mortal peril, Frank gains newfound power in the group and over Tub, and Tub remains submissive to Frank’s wishes. Moreover, the newfound confidence in Frank leads him to ignore common sense in going back to retrieve vital directions to the hospital. The futures of these three characters is left hanging, however it is clear that the ending has each one moving down separate and erroneous paths.

Do You Think Footballers Deserve

Even though soldiers provide a more valuable service. All footballers do is kick a ball around a field and moan that they don't get paid enough while soldiers are over in another country risking their lives to protect ours spending months on end away from their families. This happened to my older brother he was sent on a tour of Afghanistan for nine months and he missed the birth of his son (his first words, his first steps) he even missed our mothers death and funeral.Footballers don't have to do that they can just leave training if they have an emergency! Some people think that when soldiers sign up to join the army they know what they are getting not and its their own choice and they aren't being forced into the army. I think these people are heartless. Secondly, I believe that the money footballers get paid could be put to better use. In the Premier League alone around two hundred million pounds are spent on players' salaries per year! With that money you could change some of Afr ica into a first world country.You could give them proper housing, clean endless supply of water, electricity, schools, hospitals and especially jobs. Some might say that footballers do give to charity and already donate money to those things but hey don't give much; they could still give a lot more! There are some very charitable footballers such as Tidier Dragon who spent three million pounds of his wages to building a hospital in his hometown of Abidjan, Ivory Coast. However, there are others who give nothing.One man can't change the world! Another reason why many players shouldn't get paid so much is because most of them just waste it. Karri Benzene is a good example, he bought a chrome three million pounds Budgets Everyone super sport which he hardly uses. Many of them buy stupid pointless things that aren't even important or they just do it as a joke like one footballer bought an Oxbow one just so he could throw it off a balcony another bought a Lampooning Reverent for one mil lion pounds so he could blow it up.Other people may believe that it is their money and they can do with it what they want but they should be more responsible! They could donate some money to charity or keep it in savings for when they retire. Even do something worthwhile for their family! Furthermore, some footballers don't deserve it because some Of them are just bad people like the obvious Luis Square, who bit Atman Baked whilst playing for Ajax against SSP and he but Barbarian Avionic whilst playing for Liverpool against Chelsea! He also bit Giorgio Chilling at the world cup for Uruguay against Italy.In addition to this violent conduct he was racist to Patrice Ever by refusing to shake his hand, is this man is a good role model for children? Does he really deserve to earn thousands each week? Another example is a star Brazilian footballer who tortured and killed his mistress then fed her dismembered body to his pet Arteriole's. Goalkeeper Bruno Fernando De Souza who was tipped to play for Brazil in the 2014 World Cup, is accused of murdering model Elise Samurai to avoid paying child support after she gave birth to his love child.